Eco-feminism & political and social movement Essay

Eco-feminism can be defined a political and social movement which aims at combining feminism with environmentalism or, in other words, to unite deep ecology with feminist concepts. Actually, I have chosen eco-feminism as it draws relations between women oppression and degradation of nature. Environmental problems are of great concern now along with women equality. Nature is degrading and women’s rights are still discriminating. Therefore, eco-feminism argues that there is a strong link between degradation of women and oppression of women. Eco-feminism also explores the relations between sexism, racism, domination of nature and social inequality. It is known that eco-feminism originates from union of ecological thinkers and feminist which believe that social mentality is to blame for oppression of women and domination of men. It is directly related to abuse of environment. Eco-feminism is claimed to combine bioregional democracy with eco-anarchism. Eco-feminism strongly proclaims the importance of interrelations between humans and animals, human and insects, and the earth. Central idea of the feminism is that men ownership has resulted in dominator culture promoting food export, tragedy of the commons, abusive land ethics, exploitation of people and over-gazing. Land and animals are viewed only as economic resources and eco-feminism aims at fighting such positioning. The primary goal of eco-feminism is to re-define the views on productivity, attitudes of males and females towards nature and animals, as well as to prevent ill-using of animals and insects. The key figures in the development of eco-feminism are Carol Adams, Helene Aylon, Judi Bari, Mary Daly, Monica Sjoo, etc. For example, Carol Adams is interested in relations between feminism and vegetarianism. In her works she wrote that women ahs to abuse their rights to provide men with the best food. Summing up, the primary goal of eco-feminism is to explain associations between degradation of women and degradation of nature. Works Cited Eco-feminism. Available at http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Ecofeminism. Accessed April 20, 2008 List of Feminists. Available at http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/List_of_feminists. Accessed April 20, 2008

Ground Rules in the Classroom

â€Å"No group can work successfully without rules that govern interactions and behaviour† (Minton 2005). Ground rules in a classroom depends largely on the type and the length of the course and the ages, ability and life experiences of the group being taught. Ground rules need to be set out at the beginning of a course to establish what is expected from the learners in terms of behaviour and mutual respect of fellow learners and the teacher. A good tool to use to implement these rules would be an â€Å"ice breaker† whereby the teacher would ask the learners to write down their own ideas of the perfect learning environment for them; for example, a brainstorming activity. The learners could then share their ideas with their peers and through a general consensus come up with a list of rules they wish to implement in their classroom. The teacher would make the rules manageable, tailoring the rules according to the needs of the learners and so giving the learners ownership of their own rules. The teacher would support, motivate, encourage and persuade the learners. Adult learners will usually feel resentful and alienated if a teacher takes a command and control approach in their style of teaching. Behaviour and respect are mutually interlinked. Good teacher/learner relationships and peer relationships are based on mutual respect. The learner respects the teacher for their teaching skills, personal qualities, knowledge and professionalism and the teacher respects the learner as an individual and their attempts to learn. All rules underpin behaviour and respect for others as respect and behaviour are mutually inclusive. Overt behaviour comes from respect.

Arranged Marriages

Arranged marriages: the issues that arise from arranged marriages Arranged marriages. It has been a controversial topic throughout time but many are not aware of the issues that can arise from them, but also the advantages that arranged marriages can bring. Firstly, I would like to stress that many people do not actually understand the difference between forced marriages and arranged marriages, but they are in fact, two very different things. A forced marriage is when (usually) a girl is forced to marry another man, even if she does not want to, and often with a man she has not met with before.An arranged marriage is when a marriage partner is decided many years before the actual marriage, but often the pair have met several times before and most girls are allowed to ‘pick’ their partner. In this sense, arranged marriages are a lot more liberal than forced marriage, and we are going to be focusing on these today. According to statistics, the average percentage of arrange d marriages in the UK is around 5%, which is actually a large number if you think about it, but why?Many people actually think arranged marriages are more successful than regular marriages- as everything is carefully planned out before hand, the relationship is supposed to be ‘more stable’. Divorce rates within arranged marriages are also many times lower than regular marriages. One particular news article suggests this is the case because of the many factors that the parents have considered, for example, life goals, common interests, etc. Because the relationship is not fully fuelled by love and passion, arranged marriage relationships are often more stable, and often better long-term.Many parents (not necessarily in the UK) feel that arranged marriages are ‘safer’, as the parents know the partner better, and this helps to be able to choose the most compatible partner for their child. Observing these many benefits, personally I think that this practice sho uld be allowed to continue in the 21st century. The evidence is clear that arranged marriages do not actually all result to domestic violence, no chemistry or love between the husband and wife, etc. but actually, can be a safer and more logical choice to marriage than regular marriages.Although this path is not definitely for everyone, I think arranged marriages will definitely work for others, and actually result in lower divorce rates, etc. But what exactly are the disadvantages and advantages of arranged marriages? As mentioned before, the advantages of arranged marriages include a more stable relationship (leading to lower divorce rates), the risk of incompatible relationships are completely reduced, and the parents on either side both know each spouse better, which has many benefits.Although there are many advantages, there are also a few disadvantages, actually including incompatibility! Because the marriage is not necessarily a love marriage, it is easy to lack the love that might keep a marriage going! Also, many partners within an arranged marriage may actually be more tempted to cheat on their spouses, as there is no love or chemistry within the marriage! An arranged marriage may also mean more interference from the family of the partner, which could cause discomfort and reluctance.Also, because the general public do not have a very good opinion about arranged marriages, this could cause harm and low-self confidence of the person, as they could be looked down upon, and demoralised, through no fault of their own. Now we have all the advantages and disadvantages of arranged marriages, it is time to find out the actual opinions and thoughts of someone who is in an arranged marriage. For this purpose, we have interviewed someone who is actually in an arranged marriage, Aishwarya Dutta, 45, and who had an arranged marriage in the UK.US: So you have had an arranged marriage? AD: yes, I have in fact been married, by an arranged marriage. US: were you quite against the idea at first? AD: well, I was actually not too enthusiastic about the idea at first, but gradually, I realised that arranged marriages were just more logical and simple- you know the person that you are going to stay with for the rest of your life, you know their parents, and I thought it would be a lot more comfortable for me than if I had a normal marriage? US: what do you think about your relationship?AD: I think our relationship is pretty sturdy, it is certainly not all about love and passion, but that does not mean we are in a loveless relationship! I feel very comfortable with my husband, and I certainly have known him now, for a very long time. I think an arranged marriage certainly has many long-term benefits, such as a more stable relationship, and a relationship that is a lot more secure. Now that we know the feelings of someone who is actually in an arranged marriage, it is time for someone who is anticipating an arranged marriage to be interviewed.We are goi ng to interview Heera Ahuja, 21 and shortly married in 3 months. US: hello Heera, so what age did you find out you were going to have an arranged marriage? HA: so I find out I was going to have an arrange marriage at 18, as I was leaving high school. US: what were your initial thoughts when you found out you were going to have an arranged marriage? HA: Honestly, when I first found out I was going to have an arranged marriage, I was not exactly very excited.I felt a little shocked, and I felt disappointed, almost, because I had always imagined marrying the love of my life, instead of someone who I already know, and don’t exactly have feelings for. US: have your thoughts changed in any way since then? HA: yes, they have definitely changed. I no longer feel unhappy about this marriage, I think there will be some definite long-term benefits, although I don’t feel the most excited for my marriage, I have no idea what it will be like yet, so I will just have to wait and see! Arranged marriages in the UK seem a lot more liberal and relaxed, but we will have a look at the arranged marriages around the world, and how they differ. Firstly in India, most people follow the arranged marriage system, because they believe it protects the family, social status, etc. Although child marriages used to be common, they are now abolished by law. Also, up until the 1950s, arranged marriages were the norm in most Asian countries, however, during the recent 40 years, they have rapidly decreased and love-marriages have increased.There are many arranged marriages within Jewish religions, Islamic religions, etc. and most involve meeting the partner beforehand, meetings with potential partners, etc. These marriages are often actually successful, and have many happy endings. Overall, I think arranged marriages are not necessary a bad thing. Personally, I prefer the idea of love-marriage just because it seems more traditional and right for me, but I do think there are many adva ntages to arranged marriages that were mentioned before. I am not against arranged marriages, but not necessarily in favour of it. Arranged Marriages Arranged marriages: the issues that arise from arranged marriages Arranged marriages. It has been a controversial topic throughout time but many are not aware of the issues that can arise from them, but also the advantages that arranged marriages can bring. Firstly, I would like to stress that many people do not actually understand the difference between forced marriages and arranged marriages, but they are in fact, two very different things. A forced marriage is when (usually) a girl is forced to marry another man, even if she does not want to, and often with a man she has not met with before.An arranged marriage is when a marriage partner is decided many years before the actual marriage, but often the pair have met several times before and most girls are allowed to ‘pick’ their partner. In this sense, arranged marriages are a lot more liberal than forced marriage, and we are going to be focusing on these today. According to statistics, the average percentage of arrange d marriages in the UK is around 5%, which is actually a large number if you think about it, but why?Many people actually think arranged marriages are more successful than regular marriages- as everything is carefully planned out before hand, the relationship is supposed to be ‘more stable’. Divorce rates within arranged marriages are also many times lower than regular marriages. One particular news article suggests this is the case because of the many factors that the parents have considered, for example, life goals, common interests, etc. Because the relationship is not fully fuelled by love and passion, arranged marriage relationships are often more stable, and often better long-term.Many parents (not necessarily in the UK) feel that arranged marriages are ‘safer’, as the parents know the partner better, and this helps to be able to choose the most compatible partner for their child. Observing these many benefits, personally I think that this practice sho uld be allowed to continue in the 21st century. The evidence is clear that arranged marriages do not actually all result to domestic violence, no chemistry or love between the husband and wife, etc. but actually, can be a safer and more logical choice to marriage than regular marriages.Although this path is not definitely for everyone, I think arranged marriages will definitely work for others, and actually result in lower divorce rates, etc. But what exactly are the disadvantages and advantages of arranged marriages? As mentioned before, the advantages of arranged marriages include a more stable relationship (leading to lower divorce rates), the risk of incompatible relationships are completely reduced, and the parents on either side both know each spouse better, which has many benefits.Although there are many advantages, there are also a few disadvantages, actually including incompatibility! Because the marriage is not necessarily a love marriage, it is easy to lack the love that might keep a marriage going! Also, many partners within an arranged marriage may actually be more tempted to cheat on their spouses, as there is no love or chemistry within the marriage! An arranged marriage may also mean more interference from the family of the partner, which could cause discomfort and reluctance.Also, because the general public do not have a very good opinion about arranged marriages, this could cause harm and low-self confidence of the person, as they could be looked down upon, and demoralised, through no fault of their own. Now we have all the advantages and disadvantages of arranged marriages, it is time to find out the actual opinions and thoughts of someone who is in an arranged marriage. For this purpose, we have interviewed someone who is actually in an arranged marriage, Aishwarya Dutta, 45, and who had an arranged marriage in the UK.US: So you have had an arranged marriage? AD: yes, I have in fact been married, by an arranged marriage. US: were you quite against the idea at first? AD: well, I was actually not too enthusiastic about the idea at first, but gradually, I realised that arranged marriages were just more logical and simple- you know the person that you are going to stay with for the rest of your life, you know their parents, and I thought it would be a lot more comfortable for me than if I had a normal marriage? US: what do you think about your relationship?AD: I think our relationship is pretty sturdy, it is certainly not all about love and passion, but that does not mean we are in a loveless relationship! I feel very comfortable with my husband, and I certainly have known him now, for a very long time. I think an arranged marriage certainly has many long-term benefits, such as a more stable relationship, and a relationship that is a lot more secure. Now that we know the feelings of someone who is actually in an arranged marriage, it is time for someone who is anticipating an arranged marriage to be interviewed.We are goi ng to interview Heera Ahuja, 21 and shortly married in 3 months. US: hello Heera, so what age did you find out you were going to have an arranged marriage? HA: so I find out I was going to have an arrange marriage at 18, as I was leaving high school. US: what were your initial thoughts when you found out you were going to have an arranged marriage? HA: Honestly, when I first found out I was going to have an arranged marriage, I was not exactly very excited.I felt a little shocked, and I felt disappointed, almost, because I had always imagined marrying the love of my life, instead of someone who I already know, and don’t exactly have feelings for. US: have your thoughts changed in any way since then? HA: yes, they have definitely changed. I no longer feel unhappy about this marriage, I think there will be some definite long-term benefits, although I don’t feel the most excited for my marriage, I have no idea what it will be like yet, so I will just have to wait and see! Arranged marriages in the UK seem a lot more liberal and relaxed, but we will have a look at the arranged marriages around the world, and how they differ. Firstly in India, most people follow the arranged marriage system, because they believe it protects the family, social status, etc. Although child marriages used to be common, they are now abolished by law. Also, up until the 1950s, arranged marriages were the norm in most Asian countries, however, during the recent 40 years, they have rapidly decreased and love-marriages have increased.There are many arranged marriages within Jewish religions, Islamic religions, etc. and most involve meeting the partner beforehand, meetings with potential partners, etc. These marriages are often actually successful, and have many happy endings. Overall, I think arranged marriages are not necessary a bad thing. Personally, I prefer the idea of love-marriage just because it seems more traditional and right for me, but I do think there are many adva ntages to arranged marriages that were mentioned before. I am not against arranged marriages, but not necessarily in favour of it.

Clean up the Resumess Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Clean up the Resumess - Essay Example The screening tool has helped the HR department to function effectively. Usually the best candidates are among the first one who are being hired, if the company does not have the capacity to screen resume in a faster and accurate way the company would end up hiring someone who are the least qualified. The significant impact of using the Hire.com screening tool is that you will be able to hire candidates with qualities that you really prefer. Southern has able to increase the number of resume they screened from 40% to 65%. While the Plantronics sometimes screens out resume as many as 95%. In any business the most important component to succeed are their employees. One of the competitive advantages of using online screening tool is that you will be ahead of other companies in hiring best employee. The company will become more competitive since you will be hiring employees which are competent and effective in the position that the company need. Since the resume will be stored in the company's database, hiring again in the future will be easy. All you need to do is to review the database and pick the best for the position. Using the online screening tools the company will be able to access applicants from all locations. Another advantage of the software is the cost. Posting ad in the newspaper or other means of advertisement cost a lot and can reach only limited number of people.

International Management Master Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

International Management Master - Essay Example For companies who want to survive in the longer run and on a much wider scale, it has become a necessity to send assignments abroad. However, even if the practice of initiating expatriate programs is necessary, companies usually tend to think that it is a high cost investment as they are expected to bear the cost of the pay of the employees, their housing and the other facilities given to them and their family, like education, health, safety and the daily necessary expenses. The costs generally shoot up if the country they are being sent to have a high cost and low standard of living. Expatriate assignments may indeed be very expensive but some far sighted companies who have the longer run and the larger picture in mind are ready to afford the cost, as long as they believe that the return will be profitable and will help them expand. When it comes to calculating returns, not all companies can come to a satisfactory conclusion and experience qualms about entering into expatriate assignments. Some of the reasons for this are that costs cannot be traced back easily and the returns on the investment may take years to appear which may also not be very obvious at first. For exam For example, a company may be able to report costs such as the remuneration given to the employee but can not quantify the return such as the value of the experience gained by the international managers at work, or the global exposure that the company got because of the assignment. Due to the difficulties faced in these calculations, many companies think that expatriates are very expensive and leave it at that, without bothering themselves about the future benefits they may earn over a period of time. There a number of things the human resource professionals of the company need to consider before embarking upon an expatriate assignment. These assignments need to be dealt with prudently as they incur a lot of costs for the company and the return they are expected to get may not be what the company has in mind. Thus, these assignments should be programmed along the strategic goals of a business. To minimize costs and to maximize the return, the human resource department of the company needs to decide whether the employees going abroad have the required technical skills to handle the task. Moreover, the employees being set abroad should be assigned a work that is important and will be beneficial to the business and the costs incurred by the company should not just be for a pleasure trip of the employees. When expatriate assignments are undertaken, knowledge transfer between countries begins to grow. One of the most important benefits of having international assignments is the multi-cultural knowledge and experiences an expatriate gains and the ability to survive in a challenging and a strange environment certainly assists the company in the longer run. The expatriates then become invaluable for the company as their abilities meet the requirements of international standards and their knowledge and experience enables the company to grow and maintain a healthy environment for its other employees. The human resource function of the company

Civil rights movement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Civil rights movement - Essay Example This was the period that was closely associated with the rise of Black Nationalism. Therefore, in the late 60s, there were several organizations including SCLC, SNCC and NAACP which faced challenges from militant organizations such as the Blank Panther party. Black Nationalism was significantly influenced the pan-African leaders such as Muhammad and Malcolm X (Mcwhorter 17). The proponents of racial liberation usually viewed the African-American freedom struggle as a movement for human rights. The strategy of the Black Panther of picking up the gun revealed some of the sentiments of most of the individuals in the black society. Jackie Robinson was also one of the celebrated individuals in civil rights. This was after the Dodgers participated in the Civil Rights Game on Saturday. Most of the honest citizens were killed together with the black protestors. The civil rights activists used civil disobedience to implement change. For example, Emmett Till who was an African American boy was murdered brutally in Mississippi. He was 14 years old when he was murdered in Mississippi after he was reported to be flirting with a white woman. This brutal murder included torture before the actual killing of the innocent African-American boy. Therefore, the killing of the boy triggered the civil rights movement since; he was beaten and shot by two white men. On the other hand, it was evident that Emmett was disobedient to her mother after she discovered that he had an affair with the white woman (Mcwhorter 19). Additionally, Curt Flood who was a renowned baseball payer for the St. Louis Cardinals was a pivotal player in the team. During this epoch, he refused to accept a trade after the 1969 season. It was quite evident that the trade was closely associated with racism. However, he was unsuccessful after appealing to the Supreme Court in the United States though his legacy still remains alive even after his death (Mcwhorter 23). In 1962, most of the citizens staged a protest wh en the court ordered the University of Mississippi to register black students. The University is also known as Ole Miss. Martin Luther King Jr. was an active minister and a civil rights advocate who had established the nonviolent protest movement. He occasionally led several protests and boycotts regarding human rights in the black society. Martin Luther King Jr. was the most effective boycott leader since; he understood and used several tactics to defend the rights of the black people. This made Martin Luther King Jr. an essential and honored leader amongst the African Americans. In fact, the African Americans throughout the American nation were receiving immense attention when they were fighting for their rights. As stipulated above, the American society was at unease during the 1960s. This violence got worse when the blacks started fighting back violently (Mcwhorter 25). The most illustrious boycott during this era was the protest for jobs and freedom. Malcolm X was also another believer of black rights. According to Malcolm X, the blacks have a right to fight for their lives. Therefore, he was a considerable influence to the young black youths in the society based on the aspect of racism. However, he was not promoting violence as he was always accused by his critics. Before his death, he had published a book regarding black America. During this period, the African

Refugees and Human Rights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Refugees and Human Rights - Essay Example During the fight, her sister and female cousin were raped by local youths and home was looted and told them that their brother was traitor as he working for Oberons. It is clear that Helena was not present during the period when war broke out between two communities. And moreover there is a hint of insecurity and chances are there that she would also be meted out with same treatment if she goes to Xanadu. Under the Article 1 (A) (1) and (2), Helena has the right to claim asylum because she was present in Kensington at the time of fight and is more probably to face the wrath of local youths who have raped her sister and female cousin. It is deemed to understood that it the rape on two females were politically motivated because of the assumed connection of her brother with Oberon, which is a rival political group. Article 1 (F) (a) also states that the provisions of the Conventions will not be applicable to the person with record of crime committed against peace, humanity, or non polit ical crimes outside the country, or is guilty of acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations. Helena is not involved in any of these mentioned above in Article 1 (F) (a) and is rightly applicable to seek asylum in Kensington because it is party to the UNHCR declaration of 1951, the 1967 Protocol and the 1950 ECHR and has agreed upon that the human beings shall enjoy fundamental rights and freedom without any discrimination and all the member states would assure refugees the widest possible exercise of these fundamental rights and extend the scope of protection. (UNHCR) Therefore, under the Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, Helena can seek asylum in Kensington as per the Article 1 (A) (1) and (2) and Article 1 (F) (a). Helena needs to provide necessary documents and proof of future persecution in her country of origin. She should be able to satisfy the definition of 'persecution' under Article 1(A) (4). Lopez-Galarza v. I.N.S., 99 F.3d 954 (9th Cir.1996) In the above case, the petitioner Lopez Galarza was raped and subject to various types of physical abuse due to political conflict. The Unites States Court agreed upon that Lopez - Galarza had satisfied the definition of 'persecution' and can be availed asylum. (www.1.umn.edu) 2. Pyramus Case of deporting him back to Xanadu Pyramus has already been granted refugee status in Kensington. The government of Kensington has decided to deport Pyramus for his alleged fundraising activities for Titanian Liberation Movement which is considered as a terrorist organization. The Kensington government has the right to deport Pyramus as per Article 2 which states that every refugee has to conform to the laws and legislations of the country in which he/she is taking refuge for maintenance of public order, which was violated by Pyramus through fundraising activity for Titanian Liberation Movement. But as per the article 32 (1)(2)(3), the contracted states shall not expel a refugee lawfully in their territory save on grounds of national security or public order - expulsion shall only be in pursuance of a decision reached in accordance with due process of law. The refugee will be allowed to submit evidence to get cleared from the accusation only in the issues of national security and will be represented before competent authority or any other person or

Child soilder literature review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Child soilder literature review - Essay Example Sierra Leone is a small republic founded in 1842 on the West Coast of Africa (Grover, 2009 p1). It is bordered to the north and east by Guinea, to the South by Liberia and to the South-West by the Atlantic Ocean. The country plunged into civil war which lasted throughout most of the 1990s. In the heat of the Sierra Leonean War in 1997, AFROL News announced that about 5,400 children were involved in the war and this was in sync with the UNs official figures. After the war, it was reported that Sierra Leones conflict involved about 6,914 child soldiers (Facts of Sierra Leone, 2011). These children were recruited to take part in the Sierra Leonean Civil War that lasted between 1991 and 2001 (Sillinger, 2003: p3). The root of the Sierra Leonean Civil War and the recruitment of child soldiers has a strong and deep root in international relations. The connection between the Sierra Leonean Wars and international relations has a strong connection with the diamond deposits of the country. Diamonds are found in approximately a third of Sierra Leones territory (Levy, 2003 p2) Up until the late 1980s, Sierra Leone produced about $90m worth of diamonds each year (LeVert, 2007 p81). This figure represents the official value of diamonds that was exported through the legally accepted route of the Government Diamond Office and this could be just a fraction of the actual figure (Forde, 2011 p21). Primarily, British and South African companies have been at the forefront of the exploration of the countrys diamonds and other minerals (Hirsch, 2007 p18). Multinationals from these countries were granted legitimate rights to mine and export the countrys diamonds for several years after the country gained independence from Britain in 1960. The countrys first government led by Sir Milton Margai handed over power peacfully to Siaka Stevens

Leadership Analysis Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Leadership Analysis - Research Paper Example These grand challenges however, also highlight the overall human element involved in achieving the superior performance as well as manage the modern organizations in most professional manner. What is also significant to understand that increasingly complex organizations at the global level have also created challenges for the firms to manage their expenses while at the same time ensure that employees remain motivated. This has only become possible due to the increasing level of insecurity related with the job and fear of unemployment. Organizations like Wal-Mart has been accused of discriminating on pay issues especially with women and as such the overall impression of such global organizations is not considered as favorable. This paper will therefore attempt to discuss and explore human side of the leadership and provide a leadership and motivation analysis of the issues identified above. The Human side of Management’s Grand Challenges One of the key challenges faced by the o rganizations is to ensure that organization delivers socially significant goals. This should also be considered along with full embodiment of community and citizenship ideas of the organization. ... Reduction of fear and insecurity is another critical important element to be considered because fear and insecurity may not allow employees to become creative and innovative in nature. Besides, this can also force them to resist any change for the betterment of the organization as a whole. Creation of diversity and allowing disagreement is also another element to be considered in order to become effective leader. This should allow the employees to not only feel themselves as part of the organization but also contribute positively towards the achievement of organizational goals. This also could be associated with the unleashing of the human imagination and achievement of desired level of performance through developing holistic performance measures. Leaders of today are also required to share the responsibility of goal setting under which sharing an employee’s voice to be considered as productive rather than a sign of power. Leaders therefore have to ensure that they achieve the desired level of commitment from their employees by giving thorough consideration to the voice of the employees and making them part of the overall process of setting the direction for the firm. This process will allow the leaders to have access to diversified range of creative ideas also. Finally, in order to achieve better performance, it is critical that the management must be able to overcome complacency and allow autonomy to the employees so that decisions can be made at local level. Unemployment and its Impact on Motivation: Motivation can arise at two levels i.e. explicit as well as implicit motivation and organizations can actually design and develop policies to

Critical Reflection of Writing the Research Action Essay on Why High

Critical Reflection of Writing the Research Action on Why High School Athletics Are Important - Essay Example In my essay, I addressed; how hard it is to be as well as to become a student-athlete, and the importance of the student element of being a student-athlete is. In addition, I reviewed the criticism from teachers, parents, and other students towards athletes is a problem that is overlooked, also being part of a team is the best way for a student to meet friends in a disciplined, healthy environment. I wanted to emphasize my topic towards teachers and parents that are against athletics in schools. In my essay, I wanted to prove athletics is beneficial in school, because of how important grades are when trying to become a college athlete as well as competing in games or tournaments. For example, coaches make their players miss games if they have not met the minimum grade requirements set by the institution until the grade is brought up to expectation. In addition, once a student becomes a part of a team, they make everlasting friendships with teammates. Even more influential athletics is a great way for students to stay healthy and be around a safe, positive and constructive atmosphere. When establishing my audience, I wanted to appoint the value of discipline, along with extending on how sports do help with students’ educational and social needs. As I was writing the essay, I was guided by the stasis theory of conjecture, definition, quality, and policy. The theory assisted me in identifying the real concern of teachers and parents against athletics and sports in schools. In the conjecture part, I identified the facts that support and oppose my stance on school sports. These facts formed the basis of my essay and finally guided me on the importance of sports in schools. The definition bit, using the stasis theory, helped me in defining the meaning and importance of sports in schools. This part strengthened my conviction about the contribution athletics and sports have on the life of a student.     

Minimum Wage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Minimum Wage - Essay Example Based on research and statistics, it should be said that minimum wage rates, when increasing rather than remaining steady, have broad negative consequences to state and federal economies. THE EVIDENCE Some of the highest state-issued minimum wage rates are Vermont at $8.46, Washington at $9.04 and Oregon at $8.80 (Parrott, 1). The intention of these increases was to improve poverty rates and also stimulate more consumption in the economy. However, a very recent news article indicates that the unemployment rate in Oregon has increased to 8.9 percent in September, up almost a whole percentage point in August (Foden-Vencil, 1). In Washington state, the unemployment rate rose from 8.3 percent in June to 8.6 percent in September (PSBJ, 1). In Vermont, the unemployment rate rose from 4.7 percent to five percent in August (CT Post, 1). Why is this significant? The New England Public Policy Center indicates that rises in the minimum wage rate make it more inviting for business owners to cut employee benefits in an effort to offset higher payroll costs. A current study discovered statistically that when minimum wage rates increase by 20 percent, business-sponsored health care offerings to employees also decrease by four percent (NEPPC, 8). Because many business owners do not like to carry the stigma that is usually associated with social judgment for non-compliance to corporate social responsibility, they will often reduce hours of existing employees rather than slashing health care benefits (NEPPC, 8). All of these efforts are intended to prevent significant capital losses that occur when the minimum wage rates increases, especially important for small business owners without a strong cash or market position. Three of the states having the highest minimum wage rates also all have increases in the unemployment rate at the state level. According to the National Center for Public Policy Research, minimum wage hikes actually cause job losses in the long-term (NCPPR, 1). Th is is because it is usually the small business owner that offers jobs at a minimum wage, however small businesses make up the majority of businesses currently operating in the United States. At the same time, small business owners are experiencing inflationary increases in their supply chain, cost of health care provision, distribution and transportation for finished products, and utility costs. Therefore, significant spikes in minimum wage cannot be offset except through investment and hedging strategies, which is something that small business is not in a position to consider. Texas is one example of a state with a low minimum wage, in-line with the federal rate of $7.25. This state saw a very modest increase in unemployment from July to September, however, the unemployment rate was nearly 100 percent stable from 2010 through most of 2012 (ycharts.com, 1). Unlike other states with significant wage increases and sharp increasing spikes in unemployment, Texas seems to defy the direct relationship between wage increases and unemployment rises. The same is true for Ohio, which also maintains a rate of $7.25, and this particular state saw modest drops month after month in 2012, with a currently stable rate of 7.25 percent, down from over 10% in 2010. This implication in this case, when compared to higher rates, is quite obvious. At the federal level, minimum wage also has negative consequences when it is raised. It should however, to prevent bias from the analysis, recognize that higher wage increases provide

The Best Way for Women to Survive Essay Example for Free

The Best Way for Women to Survive Essay â€Å"I hope that she’ll be a fool—that’s the best thing a girl can be in this world, a beautiful little fool†, Daisy says in the book The Great Gatsby written by F.Scott Fitzerald (20). In her mind, to be foolish is the best way to survive in the 1920’s in America, an era when women are not treated as fairly as men. Based on Nick’s narration, Daisy is an extraordinarily charming, desirable, but careless and selfish character who is married to a wealthy and, powerful, young man named Tom Buchanan. Daisy breaks the promise with Gatsby, as a smart and subtle woman, who only concerns herself with her own benefits. However, she acts superficially as a poor fool since she always lives in her own illusion, and doesn’t know what is she really wants. When Daisy confronts a situation that she needs to make choices between things, she always runs away from them and prefers to keep everything unchanged and controlled, in order to get rid of the pressure, insecurity and conflicts in her deep inside. None but a fool would do such a thing since everyone knows that nothing lasts forever. To marry Tom is what Daisy has to do because she is tired of waiting, waiting for Gatsby to come back. She feels satisfied and secured when she decides to marry Tom. However, on the night before her wedding, Daisy pulls out â€Å"a string of pearls valued at three hundred and fifty thousand dollars†, and wants Jordan â€Å"tell’em all Daisy’s change her mine†, and she â€Å"cried and cried† (91, 92). Finally, â€Å"the pearls were around her neck and the incident was over† only â€Å"half an hour later† (92). After Daisy receives a letter from Gatsby, she does try to change her mind for Gatsby. However, this sudden letter breaks Daisy’s plan. Daisy can’t accept this change because she wants a steady life out of her illusion, which is in her control. As a result, she is married to Tom to finish what she plans to. After the marriage, even though Daisy suffers from the betrayal and abandonment from Tom, she still stays with him. She puts her real feelings away and walks into her â€Å"well-designed†Ã‚  illusory world. For instance, when Tom receives a call from his mistress, he goes inside to pick up the call without a world, Daisy then â€Å"suddenly threw her napkin on the table and excused herself and went into house† (17). In other words, Daisy clearly knows the affair of her husband. She just buries her miserable emotion inside and doesn’t complain. Moreover, on the day when Daisy’s daughter is born, Tom is â€Å"God knows where† (20). This implies one of the causes why Daisy feels â€Å"cynical† about everything and becomes more careless (19). It is torturing that her husband does not stay with her even on the day her daughter was born but what Daisy does is just turning away her head and weeping hopelessly. There is no doubt that Daisy understands her marriage is based on the money. She doesn’t gain happiness even though she gets her so called security and wealth from Tom. Ironically, she pretends that everything is going well and doesn’t face the problems in her life. Isn’t she a fool? Apparently, she just tries to obtain what would make her life easier, without realizing what she really wants. Daisy knows about her life as a certain way: calm and stable. Therefore, she would never choose Gatsby before she met Tom nor after her marriage. When Gatsby requires Daisy to tell Tom she never loves Tom, Daisy cried to Gatsby, â€Å"You want too much. I love you now—isn’t that enough?† (158). The word â€Å"cried† vividly exhibits how scared and nervous Daisy is at that time, which also reveals that she doesn’t even know how to deal with the problems that happens beyond her illusion. Additionally, she â€Å"sobs helplessly† and says to Gatsby, â€Å"I did love him once—but I loved you too† (159). To keep her marriage with Tom and affair with Gatsby at the same time definitely is a silly, bad idea, which foreshadows that Daisy would have chosen one of them eventually. What’s more, Daisy runs away with Tom after the car accident. After all Gatsby is the one who takes the blame of killing for Daisy, but she neither calls Gatsby nor goes to his funeral. Once again, from the beginning to the end, Daisy never thinks about to elope with Gatsby because she can’t accept the truth: the appearance of Gatsby is about to ruin her life which is supposed to be stable. Daisy realizes that she is living in her illusion, but she is still unwilling to face the truth. After struggling with the conflicts in her mind, she always chooses to escape from the reality. She gets what she wants from Tom, but at the expense of losing her morality and the ability and right of enjoying the true love and pursuing  what she wants. As a woman living in 1920s when women are tend to be ignored, Daisy’s destiny can be said as a misery, or tragedy. When Daisy is being lured to go away from husband and family by Gatsby, her marriage is put into the edge and, she is blamed for the affair. Being a product for which the men are fighting further emphasizes that, Daisy’s sadness and all her careless, foolish actions are resulted from the cruel society. From all of Daisy’s sufferings, it is not hard to understand that why she says she wants her daughter to be a little fool at the beginning of the book. Truly, only being a fool can she avoid herself from a ll the unnecessary problems. Work Cited Fitzgerald, F S. The Great Gatsby. 1st ed. Toronto, Ontario: HarperCollins Publishers Ltd, Print.

Influence of Globalisation on Culture

Influence of Globalisation on Culture David Stephens To what extent is globalisation an enhancer of culture? Culture is a way of life unique to a certain set of people; cultures are usually national but can also be present in local communities and on an international scale. Often the term ‘culture’ is misunderstood. To some it may mean traditions that have been passed down through generations but to others it can represent simpler things such as the area they live in or even the language they speak. Culture in itself is not easily defined because of its ever fluctuating nature. No two cultures are identical but some are more similar than others. Globalisation is a term used to decide the many ways in which people and places are becoming ever more closely linked[1]. Globalisation has had a massive effect on culture both historically and in recent times. New cultures deep in the heart of India and South America are being contacted, opening up a huge range of potential investigations. While on a less dramatic scale the trading world between different cultures has become hugely imp ortant and is aided greatly by how easy it has become to trade on a global scale now thanks to leaps forward in technology, transport and communication (see table 1). Trade is often interpreted as the exchange of goods but it can also facilitate the interconnections between cultures. This is evidently present in how many American companies have moved workers into the Far East to places such as India or Vietnam. What has increased Globalisation How has it affected Globalisation Technology Technology is often linked to the advances in medical technology shared between countries. Nowadays we have world leading physicians from all corners of the globe collaborating on projects to aid medical treatments. This allows exchange of local culture and ideas for the benefit of the majority. Transport We have been blessed with larger ships, cheaper air travel, high speed trains and more airports. This has come to the forefront of modern day lives with more and more families travelling overseas to immerse themselves in other cultures. For example in Spain, which is a popular holiday resort has been bombarded by ‘Brits’ abroad. Places such as Menorca and even cultural hubs such Barcelona which I have visited recently has evidence of home nation culture such as Irish bars and traditional English Fish and Chip shops. Is this eroding or extending culture – I guess it depends upon your perspective! Communication Communication usually in the form of mobile phones and internet gives us such easy access to communicate with people anywhere on earth. This has improved sales as products can be ordered and delivered around the globe which ties in with the transport aspect of global perspectives. Locally, businesses can expand and distribute products beyond the locality, which is good for both the consumer and the business itself. Though I have been talking about how globalisation has affected our ability to communicate with other cultures in recent times, it has been around for a long, long time. When Christopher Columbus set sail in search of Asia[2] and discovered the West Indies and made the civilised world aware of the Americas, he participated in the globalisation of the cultures of the indigenous people on the islands as he made the world aware of their existence for the first time in their history. This was obviously a huge leap forward for globalisation as it set off a chain of events that would eventually end in America being one of the biggest economies for trade and best educational facilitating countries in the entire world. Culture and globalisation are two very contrasting ideas. A culture new to the idea of globalisation may be worried about whether its way of life will stay sacred and individual to them if the rest of the world has access to it.[3] This is a very legitimate fear and can very easily be construed as an invasion of privacy. Although when looked at from a more international perspective you can see that you can learn from other cultures. Very similarly to the development of language, a way of life can be studied and can often add to your own culture as many medieval countries did to provide the languages we speak in the present day. The main cause of globalisation is the ‘western’ world attempting to spread their culture into different corners of the earth. A great example of this is the coffee chain ‘Starbucks.’ Starbucks was founded in 1971, gaining mainstream success around 1991. Since then it has had exponential success with over 20,000 shops worldwide.[4] It is now a firm stalwart of the American Culture. Though Starbucks itself has not always been part of the culture we know today there have always been coffee houses in popular culture although they were initially confined to the USA. Starbucks has introduced a whole new ‘coffee-house’ concept by becoming a multi-national company. Originally just an American chain it has spread rapidly, becoming popular in Britain and is becoming a growing phenomenon in South America.[5] This may be both a problem and an advantage for these countries, for example Peru is one of the South American countries being affected by the so cal led ‘Westernisation.’ It has a 9% unemployment figure (almost one million eligible people out of a job).[6] The opening of new American and British chain stores will provide much needed jobs that will boost their economy as well as providing a stable income for them and their people. On the other hand much small business owners would be ousted by the competitive pricing from these big profit organisations setting up franchises in some Peruvian cities. Traditionally Peru has been famous for incorporating many small businesses into urban areas and Starbucks would be potentially devastating for some of these places. Peru is a nation with many young dependents, indeed 29.1% of the population aged between 0-14 years[7]. This may mean that more jobs available in a stable working environment may not be so bad for the young work force in South America. When more young people are in employment more money is pumped into the economy, which enables the country to safeguard and pres erve it’s own culture such as traditional shops and the upkeep of nationally important monuments. But is globalisation inevitable and perhaps instead of safeguarding our cultures we should accept it and take whatever positives it may bring. [8] This quote from Kofi Annan outlines the view that however hard you fight it, globalisation will always present itself to you using the analogy of gravity. Perhaps this can be linked to the fight that several rural cultures in India and South America are having to avoid any contact with civilization[9]. It may show that perhaps instead of wasting energy fighting a losing battle they should embrace the change. We can help them understand useful medical techniques and educational strategies while they may help us understand their culture and learn their own unique ways of dealing with things such as medical emergencies. On a national scale (UK) and at a more local perspective it is clear that there is an ever larger influence of Polish born immigrants affecting my local area. This is shown to great extent by this graph: [10] This shows how the population of Polish born immigrants living in the UK has swelled massively from under 100,000 in 2001 to over half a million in 2010. This has been analysed in part by a report by Ian Duncan Smith in a report (February 2013). It shows some surprising results. It states that immigrants from other nations such as Romania and Bulgaria will have nines times more money in England on a minimum wage of  £543 to take home to an average family of two children every week compared with  £62 back home. Of course living costs will be a lot less in some of these Eastern European countries compared with Britain. It is also said in the report that these immigrants from Eastern Europe will have twice the ‘economic incentives’ of the Polish immigrants.[11] This is quite a daunting figure as we can see how much success Polish immigrants are having in the UK, this may encourage more and more workers from Eastern Europe to find a better life here.The reason I find thi s daunting is because of the population figure that has been forecast. It suggests that up to 250,000 Romanian and Russian immigrants could move to the country in the next 5 years.10 While it is also forecast that the population of Britain could grow by more than 10 million in the next 25 years.[12] With resources and services stretched to breaking point as it is another 10 million extra people in the country may not be best for our future. Of course, globalistation results in positive diversity in local commmunities but may cause services to be stretched, resulting in potential animosity between existing residents and new arrivals. To understand a broader picture of the affect of globalistaion on culture we have to look at a national scale example. The country in my opinion that has been changed most dramastically by globalistaion in recent years must be The United Arab Emirates. [13] This is a stark contrast from 23 years ago to 5 years ago. After being established in the 18th century as a small fishing village it began to expand after the discovery of oil in the area.[14] Globalisation put UAE firmly on the map, moreso given the importance of oil to almost all developed nations. But what do people think about this? A young man studying in Canada that was born and brought up in the UAE has noticed that social values that play a huge part of modern society in the west are nothing like those in the UAE.[15] This is surprising as the globalistaion shown in the UAE is heavily influenced by the west so one would expect the social values such as letting someone with right of way pass in the street would also be passed into UAE culture so obviously globalisation has not affected every aspect of life in Dubai and the UAE. Table 2 below considers the future ‘what –if scenarios of globalisation Table 2: Globalisation defeats nationalism†¦ But what would happen if globalisation sped up and defeated nationalism to provide us with a completely globalised society? Could we live like that or is nationalism too important to our society? Well according to Gary Abate of TED discussions â€Å"it is not geographical borders that are the problem, but the borders within ourselves,† this though very philosophical is no answer to the question posed. Perhaps he is trying to imply that if there was only one country and culture there would still be divides and it isn’t necessarily nationalism to their country but nationalism to culture and if globalisation took over and we lived completely globalised we would still want to have our own culture. Although perhaps another interpretation of a globalised community is not a community with one culture but many more than a single global entity. This would be completely different in the way that each community would fight to defend their culture and that may cause many disagreeme nts. Globalistaion loses momentum†¦ What would happen if globalisation was to cease or at least lost the momentum it is carrying at the moment? Well some may agree that to stop globalisation is a near impossible task and if it was to happen it would mean larger powers such as the USA would lose both a lot of business but also a lot of workers, this is because many of the workers that many large US companies use are situated in less wealthy companies which means they can work for a fraction of the price that a US worker may demand. On the more positive side it would make countries invest further into their own economies and help the less fortunate of their own culture by providing more jobs internally to the country. While also a focus may have to be put on technology to do the jobs in factories that may otherwise be outsourced to a different country so hopefully technology would take further leaps forward in terms of development. Globalisation gathers momentum†¦ Another major scenario that would change the dynamic of culture is if globalistaion gathered greater momentum. This may cause countries to forget their own cultural identity as they spread further and faster across the globe. A quite major example of this is the football club Cardiff City. In 2012 owner Vincent Tan decided to change the colour of the clubs home shirt from blue to red. The club had played in a blue kit for 104 years prior to the change, this angered many fans as it was seen as a marketing ploy to appeal to fans in Malaysia (Tan’s home nation). This shows an example of an individual showing the view that to globalise as much as possible is more important than serving the preservation of culture. But can our cultures be preserved, should they be? In a world of ever growing globalisation we have to find more and more ways to preserve our culture. Obviously there are aspects of ever culture that should be preserved, for example the way in the UK they remember the fallen heroes of war every November 11th and in the USA on the anniversary of one of their greatest national tragedies 9/11 they remember and honour. On a lighter note festivals such as China’s New Year’s celebrations are a thing definitely worth preserving. But should all cultures be preserved? Should uncontacted tribes still stay away from civilistaion or should they step into the new world? New advances in the world may aid them greatly but also may be too intimidating and would be incredibly derogatory to their development. Globalisation may harm the development of some un-touched civilisations by introducing them to the new danger of world affairs and in some cases ignoring the on-rushing tide of glo balisation and leaving these civilisations and other countries in the world to their own devices is sometimes a larger step towards preserving culture than presenting it all over the globe could ever be. If your culture such as Ireland’s famous bars are now scattered all over the globe can they be construed as your culture any longer or have you lost that national identity to globalisation? My final thought is this; though globalistion can help with exploring the great depth and wonder of the world, being conservative in where you ship your culture to is the greatest tool of preservation. BIBLIOGRAPHY Edexcel AS Geography Textbook page 88 , Publisher Phillip Allan Updates in the year 2008, A collective works by Sue Warn, Cameron Dunn, David Holmes, Bob Hordern, Simon Oakes and Michael Witherick. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Columbus#Quest_for_Asia http://www.buzzle.com/articles/culture-and-globalization.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starbucks http://www.stateofnature.org/?p=6292 http://www.limaeasy.com/peru-info/important-facts-and-figures-about-peru http://arts.brighton.ac.uk/study/humanities/globalisation http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncontacted_peoples http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/migration1/migration-statistics-quarterly-report/august-2011/polish-people-in-the-uk.html http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/immigration/9877851/Bulgarian-and-Romanian-workers-nine-times-better-off-in-UK.html http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/immigration/10429901/Migrants-add-5.8m-to-bulging-Britain.html https://p1.dntrck.com/tr?id=c3d70bba1eace8af05025b74ea8901ccae4a0fb1.r http://www.colorcoat-online.com/blog/index.php/2011/08/same-place-different-years/ http://www.7daysindubai.com/People-Dubai-disappointment/story-19775407-detail/story.html http://www.ted.com/conversations/7931/can_we_abolish_nationalism_and.html 1981 words excluding tables, headings and subtitles [1] Edexcel AS Geography Textbook page 88 , Publisher Phillip Allan Updates in the year 2008, A collective works by Sue Warn, Cameron Dunn, David Holmes, Bob Hordern, Simon Oakes and Michael Witherick. [2] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Columbus#Quest_for_Asia [3] http://www.buzzle.com/articles/culture-and-globalization.html [4] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starbucks [5] http://www.stateofnature.org/?p=6292 [6] http://www.limaeasy.com/peru-info/important-facts-and-figures-about-peru [7] http://data.un.org/CountryProfile.aspx?crName=PERU [8] http://arts.brighton.ac.uk/study/humanities/globalisation [9] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncontacted_peoples [10] http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/migration1/migration-statistics-quarterly-report/august-2011/polish-people-in-the-uk.html [11] http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/immigration/9877851/Bulgarian-and-Romanian-workers-nine-times-better-off-in-UK.html [12] http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/immigration/10429901/Migrants-add-5.8m-to-bulging-Britain.html [13] https://p1.dntrck.com/tr?id=c3d70bba1eace8af05025b74ea8901ccae4a0fb1.r [14] http://www.colorcoat-online.com/blog/index.php/2011/08/same-place-different-years/ [15] http://www.7daysindubai.com/People-Dubai-disappointment/story-19775407-detail/story.html

Economic Performance of Kolhapur Division of MSRTC

Economic Performance of Kolhapur Division of MSRTC Introduction An attempt is made in this Chapter to analyses the economic performance of MSRTC in Kolhapur division based on selected indicators. The entire division is divided into twelve depots, viz. Kolhapur, Sambhaji Nagar, Gadhinglaj, Ichalkaranji, Gadhingla, Ichalkaranji, Gargoti, Malkapur, Chandgad, Kurundwad, Kagal, Radhanagri, Gaganbawada and Ajra. The activities of the MSRTC are governed by the corporate objectives set by the RTC Act. 1950. The main objective as indicate earlier are to provide efficient, adequate, economical and co-ordinated transport services to the laymen. However, it is to organise itself on business terms, while achieving the aforesaid objective. Financial Indicators Cost per Kilometre (CPKM) For any Road Transport Corporation the main and utmost important financial performance indicator is cost per Kilometre, because it together with CPKM decides the fare. The profitability of an organisation is a function of both costs and prices, which are equally valid in the case of the passenger road transport industry too. An organisation may incur loss either because the costs go up, the price remaining the same or costs remaining the same the price/fare may fall. The second phenomenon of fare coming down does not ordinarily arise in the case of passenger road transport industry for reasons of relative inelasticity of demand for the service monopoly rights conferred on the services and state regulation of fares. The cost of operations in absolute terms does not by itself indicate measure of costs. Costs have to be worked out to compare the cost of providing the service with the rate of earnings. Cost per kilometre is one of such relative measure which is computed by selecting effective kilometre as a unit of measurement. The cost per kilometre (CPKM) is computed by dividing the total cost of operations by the total effective kilometres. The CPKM is expressed in terms of Rupees. The CPKM can be worked out either in respect of the total cost of operations or in respect of each component of the cost separately. CPKM is calculated by the following formula – The direct or operational or variable costs react proportionately with the change in volume of operations and the cost per unit, i.e., CPKM is constant with volume of operation. As indirect or fixed costs of not change with volume of operations the cost per unit, i.e., CPKM declines as volume rises or increases as volume falls. In the Road Transport industry two different types of costs are considered: Fixed Costs The industry incurs fixed costs relating to part of crew wages, general administration, interest and debt charges welfare expenses and part of workshop mechanical wage. This cost per Kilometre varies inversely with the kilometre range achieved but is constant in total rupee amount. Variable Costs Variable costs are uniform per kilometre but fluctuate depending on the volume of activity in Kilometre. Under this head depreciation, HSD Oil, Tyres, Tubes and spare parts and included.   Earnings per Kilometre (Epkm) The earning per kilometre (EPKM) is computed by dividing the total earning of operations by the total effective kilometres. Revenue in absolute terms without reference to Kilometre will not correctly reflect the ‘Profitability’ of the operation. An Earning per Kilometre (EPKM) is one of the useful ratios to indicate the earning potential of a route/depot/division organisation. The EPKM is related to the carrying capacity of the buses, fare structure and the earning potential of route. The EPKM is calculated by dividing total earnings by total effective Kilometres. EPKM is calculated by the following formula – The EPKM is expressed in terms of Rupees. The EPKM may be in relation to either traffic or gross revenue.   Margin The margin is computed by subtracting the total cost from total earning. Positive margin values indicate the profit, while negative margin values indicate loss or deficit. Margin = Total Earnings – Total Cost Depot-wise Economic Performance of Kolhapur Division   Economic Performance of Kolhapur Depot Economic performance of Kolhapur depot is explained in the following table: Table 4.1 Economic Performance of Kolhapur Depot (In Rs.) Year Variable Cost Fixed Cost Total Cost (CPKM) Total revenue (EPKM) Margin 2001 9.09 8.05 17.13 13.67 -3.46 2002 9.14 8.20 17.34 14.47 -2.87 2003 9.91 8.38 18.29 14.47 -3.82 2004 10.57 7.90 18.47 14.48 -3.99 2005 11.50 8.38 19.88 15.29 -4.59 2006 12.79 8.64 21.43 17.75 -3.68 2007 13.51 8.62 22.13 18.92 -3.21 2008 13.69 8.97 22.66 19.45 -3.21 2009 15.13 9.43 24.56 20.99 -3.57 2010 15.06 10.09 25.15 21.03 -4.12 2011 17.26 10.86 28.12 23.70 -4.42 2012 18.95 11.70 30.65 26.19 -4.46 2013 20.86 12.26 33.12 28.49 -4.63 Mean 13.65 9.34 22.99 19.15 -3.85 SGR 129.48 52.30 93.35 108.41 Source : Official Records of Kolhapur Division of MSRTC Above table No 4.1 shows that, cost and earning of Kolhapur depot as per kilometre. Variable cost of Kolhapur depot is increased from Rs 9.09 to Rs 20.86 per km during the investigation period. Average variable cost is Rs 13.65, while its SGR is 129.48. Variable cost is highly increased because of the prices of diesel, spare parts and lubricant is continuously increased. In the study period, fixed cost of Kolhapur depot is increased from Rs 8.05 to 12.26 per km. Average of fixed cost is 9.34 and its SGR is 52.30. Total cost of Kolhapur depot during investigation period, is increased from Rs 17.13 in 2001 to Rs 33.12 per Km in 2013, average total cost is 22.99 and its SGR is 93.35. Total revenue of this depot from year 2001 to 2013 is increased from Rs 13.67 to Rs 28.49 per Km; average total revenue of last thirteen years is Rs 19.15. Its SGR is remained 108.41. Due to the low load factor of the buses, total revenue growth remains low as compare to the total cost of the depot. Margin shows always negative trends during the study period, it means the Kolhapur depot experienced always loss during study period. In the year 2002, loss of Kolhapur depot is minimum i.e. Rs 2.87 while it maximize in 2013 (i.e. Rs. 4.63). Average margin of Kolhapur depot during the study period is Rs -3.85, it means economic performance of Kolhapur depot is insignificant. Above figure No 4.1 reveals the trends in the total cost and revenue, it is found rising in almost same manner. Hence, there is not so much variation in margin, it always perform negatively. The economic performance of Kolhapur depot is not up to the mark, in the study period variable cost, fixed cost and total cost of continuously increased, comparatively rate of variable cost is highly increased i.e. SGR 129.48 and fixed cost SGR is 52.30 and total cost SGR is 93.35. The average of variable cost, fixed cost and total cost (CPKM) is Rs 13.65, Rs 9.34 and Rs 22.99 respectively. In the same duration SGR of EPKM is 108.41 and its average is 19.15. Average margin of CPKM and EPKM is Rs. -3.85. It is clear that in the study period, Kolhapur depot experienced loss in the investigation period.   Economic Performance of Sambhaji Nagar Depot Economic performance of Sambhaji Nagar depot is explained in the following table: Table 4.2 Economic Performance of Sambhaji Nagar Depot (In Rs.) Year Variable Cost Fixed Cost Total Cost (CPKM) Total revenue (EPKM) Margin 2001 9.50 7.54 17.04 13.53 -3.51 2002 9.61 7.57 17.19 13.99 -3.2 2003 10.29 7.70 17.99 14.41 -3.58 2004 10.75 7.66 18.41 14.18 -4.23 2005 11.70 8.13 19.83 14.71 -5.12 2006 13.10 8.22 21.32 17.36 -3.96 2007 13.89 8.41 22.30 18.26 -4.04 2008 13.80 9.07 22.88 18.58 -4.3 2009 14.86 9.74 24.60 20.06 -4.54 2010 14.84 9.93 24.77 20.47 -4.3 2011 16.66 10.84 27.50 23.91 -3.59 2012 17.73 11.89 29.62 23.82 -5.8 2013 19.36 12.34 31.70 24.95 -6.75 Mean 13.55 9.16 22.70 18.33 -4.38 SGR 103.79 63.66 86.03 84.41 Source : Official Records of Kolhapur Division of MSRTC Above table No 4.2 depicts cost and receipts as per kilometre of Sambhaji Nagar depot during last 13 years. Its variable cost increased from Rs 9.50 to Rs 19.36 with Growth Rate of 103.79. Fixed cost also increased from

Software Engineer :: essays research papers

Computer software engineers use the basics and techniques of computer science, engineering, and mathematical analysis to the design, development, testing, and evaluation of the software and systems that enable computers to perform their many different tasks. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, computer software engineers are projected to be one of the fastest growing occupations over the 2002–12 period. The starting salaries for computer engineers with a bachelor's degree can be higher than salaries of bachelor's degree graduates in many other occupations. What are the duties of a computer software engineer?  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Testing and verifying ongoing designs  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Designing and developing software  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Project managing  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Consulting Where can I find computer software engineering training? Most employers would like to hire people who have at least a bachelor’s degree in computer science, systems software engineering or computer information systems with knowledge of, and experience with, a variety of computer systems and technologies. Graduate degrees are wanted for some of the more difficult jobs. As technology advances, employers ask for new skills. Computer software engineers must continue to learn such skills if they hope to remain in this field. To help them keep up with the technology changes, continuing education and professional development seminars are offered by employers and software vendors, colleges and universities, private training institutions, and professional computing societies. How can I get a computer software engineering certification? Professional certification is now offered by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Computer Society. To be classified as a Certified Software Development Professional, people need a bachelor’s degree and work experience that shows that they have mastered knowledge, and must pass a written exam. What is a computer software engineer’s salary? Computer applications software engineers who worked full time in 2002 were about $70,900. Computer systems software engineers who worked full time in 2002 were about $74,040. According to the National Association of Colleges and Employers, the starting salary for graduates with a bachelor’s degree in computer engineering averaged $51,343 in 2003, and those with a master’s degree averaged $64,200. The starting salary for graduates with a bachelor’s degree in computer science averaged $47,109. What career some career opportunities for computer software engineers? Entry-level computer software engineers are likely to test ongoing designs. As they get more experienced, computer software engineers may be involved in designing and developing software. Soon, they might become a project manager, manager of information systems, or chief information officer.

Henry Ford1 Essay -- essays papers

Henry Ford1 Octavian Augustus (63 B.C.E-14 AD) is known as the first, and one of the greatest, Roman Emperors ever. Octavian enabled the long, peaceful time of the Pax Romana by changing Rome from a fragile, crumbling republican government to a mighty empire. Octavian ¹s government was strong enough to withstand weak emperors who mismanaged the Empire. His changes proved to be the cornerstone of the greatest empire the world has ever seen. During the Conflict of Orders, the lower class Romans, or plebeians, forced the upper class Romans, known as patricians, to give them more rights and liberties (Hadas 1969). The Republican government in Rome was established to satisfy the plebeians, while still leaving a majority of the control with the patricians. The government consisted of three main parts: the senate, the assemblies and the magistrates. The Senate was a group of former state officials, usually patricians, who acted as advisors, controlled public finances and handled all diplomatic dealings with other states (Hanes 1997). The assemblies were the various public meetings where citizens voted on laws and public office (Hanes 1997). Magistrates were the elected officials who put the laws into practice. The most important of these magistrates were the consuls. The two consuls each elected for one year acted as the chief executives of the state. Censors were also very important magistrates. Censors were elected every five years to take a census and record the wealth of the people. Censors also had two other very important jobs. The first was to appoint candidates for the Senate and the seco nd was to award contracts for government projects (Hanes 1997). As time passed, the Romans also began to elect other magistrates called praetors. Praetors acted as judges but could also fill in for the Consuls when they were away (Hanes 1997). The Republic first started to lose power in 133 BCE Tiberius Gracchus and his brother Gaius were the leaders of a campaign to help the landowners/soldiers of Rome (Hanes 1997). The brothers tried to redistribute the public land of Rome to small farmers. The Senate, however, feared that the brothers were trying to take power away from the government. They ordered mobs to kill the brothers and hundreds of their supporters. The Gracchi ¹s efforts were the beginning of the Roman Revolution (Hanes 1997). In 107 B.C.E, a popu... ...eum and the comedies performed at the many theatres (Hadas 1969). The Romans are attributed with the development of concrete, which enabled them to build large structures such as aqueducts. As Rome grew into the primary world leader, it ¹s Republican government was falling apart. The Senate was ineffective because it had no control of the vast armies that provided power. Conservative Romans who believed strongly in the Republic would immediately target a strong general who took sole control. Rome was in need of a solitary, powerful leader. Octavian skillfully turned himself into an emperor without suffering the fate of his great-uncle, Caesar. He controlled the army, and managed to please the masses. Once in the position of power, he changed the government not only to benefit himself, but also to benefit the Empire and ultimately the people. This structure was so strong, that it could survive through weak emperors such as Caligula and Nero and major problems like who the next emperor should be. Octavian was so influential that eventually the Romans did not care that they were no longer a Republic. They knew that with Octavian, they could become the greatest empire in the world.

Edmee Ferrer Essay

Professor Anderson Listening to the Women’s Rights was very moving and it really touched me and I learned a lot about what women had to go through and are still going through. I learned about Elizabeth Cady Stanton and what an amazing and powerful woman she was. Stanton was born in November. 12, 1815 and died in October. 26, 1902. She was an American Social Activist, abolitionist, and leading figure of the early Women’s Rights Movement. Besides focusing on Women’s Rights she also addressed issues pertaining to voting rights, women’s parental and custody rights, property rights, employment and income rights, divorce, the economic health of the family and birth control. She was also an outspoken supporter of the 19th century temperance movement. In 1920 women gained the right to vote, right of citizens of United States to vote shall not be denied by the United States or any state on account of sex. In the 1940’s and the 1950’s men had to go out to war so it left women to depend on themselves and started working to provide for their family. I also learned about the first-wave feminism and the second-wave feminism. The first-wave feminism focused more on suffrage and overturning legal obstacles to gender equality, voting rights, and property rights. The second-wave feminism broadened the debate to a wide range of issues like sexuality, family, the work place, reproductive rights, and official legal inequalities. The second-wave feminism also focused on domestic violence and marital rape issues, establishment of rape crisis and battered women’s shelter, also changes in custody and divorce law. I can say that I am very proud to be a woman, we have had to go through many challenges, having to be slaves of our life as wife’s and mother’s and home makers. Being sex slaves to our husbands, looked down at or feel less than a man. Not able to work or feel independent. We women are powerful and strong and capable of changing the world forever, capable of showing how we can be as amazing as any man can. Women now have as many rights as any man have. An example of these rights are: the right to vote, to hold public office, to work, to fair wages or equal pay, to own property, to education, to serve in the military, ent er into legal contracts, and to have marital and parental rights.

Child Development Article Reaction Paper Essay

The word How Your Child Learns by Jeannie Ralston, in P arenting times September 2006 issue, addresses the different acquisition and motivation modes of minorren. According to Jeannie Ralston, there are trey eruditeness styles by listening, looking, or doing. Most tykeren will either rely heavily on wholeness of the finding modes, or use a faction of the three. Children that detect by listening typically are not motivated by pictures, but by sounds and songs. Listening baby birdren learn through conversation and jingles.Auditory learners pick up quiet for concentrated tasks and do hygienic when asked to repeat back ideas to reinforce what has been learned. opthalmic learners a good deal are described as having photographic memories. Children that learn visually learn well from pictures, videos, maps, models, and charts. Visually oriented children often are so captured by pictures on a page they comport problems concentrating on any i thing. kinaesthetic or doing c hildren learn by using their bodies. This mickle mean a child requirementfully to move around while cerebration or use his fingertips to absorb meaning.Kinesthetic children tend to not be able-bodied to sit still for long periods and favour to act extinct stories rather than firing upon or see them on a page. Active learners are easy to office because they al ways want to be shown how to do things. Jeannie Ralston tells that there are as well three styles that motivate kids to learn the rely to beguile you perfectionism and competitiveness. Earning praise is the strongest motivator for children with a trust to pl repose their caregivers. The key is to teach the child that pleasing himself is just as important. many children have a driven desire to master everything and be perfect. These children need to be taught that mistakes are inevitable and that productivity need not suffer in light of mistakes. Competitive children are driven by the Ill show you streak. These ch ildren need to be taught that there are different ways of encyclopedism and not every oneness will do things the same way. Both erudition and motivational styles need to be combined for an effectual early childhood accomplishment experience. cartel motivational and learning styles of children allows parents to effectively patronize their children. I agree with the basic precede of Jeannie Ralstons article and feel that to the highest degree parents do not spend adequate time or have the association to figure how children learn and are motivated. at bottom one family, several children can have completely different learning styles. Children and parents same are frustrated when presented with the wrong method of learning or motivation.I posit that all children have a combination of the three learning styles, maybe favoring one over the others. In order for a vivification long passion for learning to be cultivated in a small child, the child needs to be continually posit ively motivated. astute a childs learning style will allow the parent to arouse up learning opportunities that will continually get the child. If the wrong learning style is presented to the child, the child will quickly loose please and seek motivation else where outside of the learning arena.With all the current early childhood development research, parents need to understand that learning starts at much younger ages than five dollar bill when a child starts school. Parents need an sentience of learning styles so that early childhood learning can be maximized. Parents as well need to consider that each child will differ and what works for one child, may not work for the next. Parents also need to have flexibility and sharpness into their children to know when something is not working for the child.Knowing motivational styles will allow parents to ease difficult situations into win-win situations for both the parent and child. In all, Jeannie Ralston gives a good over flo ck of learning and motivational styles. Understanding how ones child learns and what motivates them will make parenting and learning an enjoyable and bonding experience. Capitalizing on this research is essential for a life time of learning and bringing out the best in ones child.

Beautiful art

In my presentation paper am breathing out to pull how the dodgeistic movements of archaean 1900s and the symbolism in Gustav Klimts videoP entirelyas genus genus genus Athene of 1898. I exit view the Artists stratagemistic type in upright mythology. Introduction. Gustav Klimt was an prowessist who was highly concerned in the adult young-bearing(prenominal) body rather than the means of wo valet de chambre.From his works it is cod that he was so practic all toldy interested in the feminist in the pistillate body. To him the pistillate body was several(prenominal)thing to pure tone at and was non self sufficient. It is divulgen from his earlier drawings that the prospect of shame was absent.It is in any case evident that only his moving pictures were designed for the general public. An sheath is the picture show of the kiss made in 1907/08. In this painting Klimt does a compeer that is bound up. We washbasin see various shades of gold and symbols. The co uple is sharing a kiss against a bronzy background. The masculine invention is depicted dominating the womanly and he is holding her face to bestow a kiss. The couple is situated at the edge of an escarpment that is highly flowered. The man is dressed in so-so(p) disguiseed rectangles and has a crown made of vines.The woman has a b objurgately colored tangent circles and her bull is full of flowers. I force out interpret here(predicate) that the painting shows the beauty, unity and last selflessness that a couple can ease up when they first kiss. It is all about the combining forces and the unity of two. On the new(prenominal) hand we ar going to guide a look at Klimts a nonher(prenominal) painting far-famedly cognize as Pallas genus Athene. In this painting we see a total strain of what Klimt enjoys doing rather prefers doing. The distaff perception is truly distinguishable from what we get from the previous painting.Sexuality of a woman or hetero familiarity is n whizz of the motifs in this painting. This research is going top so much dwell on the mythology behind this painting, Pallas genus Athene, and the iconography that is employed in the comparable. We atomic number 18 going to attempt to answer the question what is the uncommon thing that is depicted in this painting? why did Klimt sway from his expression stem turn? What is the female effigy in all about in these painting? why does Klimt come a large fascinated by super correctly, grave and dangerous female figures? Main Body Overview of the Goddess genus AtheneThe delirium of genus Athene existed since cartridge clip immemorial in Greece. Myths regarding this goddess were very much rewritten to adapt the polar heathenish changing time in ancient Greek traditions. Between 42and 347 B. C. E one of the Greek philosophers, Plato,made identified This goddess with the Egyptian theology and Neith the Libyan deity as a goddess of hunting and fight. This was during th e early times referred to as predynastic. With time school of thought was applied with cult and indeed genus Athene was referred to as the goddess of information. This happened during the fifth century.She was similarly delineate as the patroness of crafts and weaving, famously know as genus Athene Ergane. It his believed that she initiated the man of metals. She is perceived to stick out had cognizance all over the dodgy in telligence of some of other figures e. g. Oddysseus. At al conscionable about times she is accompanied by Nike, who is a goddess of advantage who in established icons, as we shall see later, offers Athena an extended hand. And she is besides attended by an snoot. In late myths, Athena wears a goatskin breastplate which is believed to lead been precondition to her by genus genus genus genus Zeus her father. The goatskin breastplate was known as the Aegis.In most works she is seen with a helmet and a case gallery the channelise of Gorgon Medusa who was referred to as the goddess Gorgoneion and was the hallmark of the early goddess cult in Greece. This shield as we shall see later is believed to be a votive gift of Perseus. We also see that a serpent is always accompanying the goddess and is shown at the prat of the staff of her lace. in that respect exists a less in frequency of association of ships, horses as well as chariots with this goddess. Athena is believed by Greeks as a goddess who is a helper of the some other gods and goddesses including Heracles, Oddysseus and Jason.She is also believed, accoding to the unmixed myth of the Greeks as a goddess without a lover, hence the name Athena Parthenos. A synonym of this is Athena the virgin. thither exists an antediluvial myth that she was the mother of Erichthonius who she conceived by an attempted rape of Hephaestus, which as said to drive home failed. A nonher variation story of the serpent, also Erichthonius, severalize that he was natural to Gaia the earth, when the rape to Athena failed and the semen landed on Gaia. Gaia became large(predicate) and after giving brook he was, the serpent, given to Athena by Gaia.In performing her roles and one of them creation the protector of the city, she is also referred to as Athena Polias, moment Athena of the city. She is believed to suffer had a special kinship with Athens. This is beca occasion of the etymological connection that exists in the names surrounded by the goddess and the city. Mythology of Athena Her birth concord to Robert Graves an his book, the Greek myths he tells us about some of the early myths of Athena. She is believed to be a goddess who originated from Libya. Her worship to the Greeks came after the ruin of Crete as early as 4 000 BC.It is sink from his book that Hesiod (700bc) had a strong relation of Athena as a parthenogenesis daughter of Metis. Metis is a type of wisdom or knowledge. He is a Titan who is believed to have ruled the planet hydrargyrum and the fourth day. Other variants argue that Zeus became the jibe of Metis when his cult became dominant is said that Zeus swallowed Metis so that she could not bear any offspring. And also to evacuate prophesy when change occurred that Metis was corkinger that Him. It was further believed that Metis was already pregnant.Metis is believed to have given birth to Athena and natured her inwardly Zeus. It reached a point when Athena finally ruin from Zeuss forehead. The Olympian version of the birth of Athena It is believed according to this version of Athena birth, that she was a remade favorite daughter of Zeus. Where she was born to the full arm from the swallowing of her mother, who was pregnant at the time. The story of her birth is seen in several versions. unrivaled of the commonly cited versions states that after Zeus had laid with Metis, who was perceived as the goddess of wisdom, thought and crafty, he immediately fe bed the consequences.He feared that Metis would eventually bore heirs who would be to a greater extent causationful than himself. So as to avoid these consequences Zeus decided to swallow Metis all of a sudden. This happened when it was already too late and Metis had already conceived a child. ultimately it is believed that Zeus was ion great pain and one of the some(prenominal) gods Hephaestus, Palaemon among others, depending on the parentage cut Zeus head with a double headed axe, Minoan in nature. Athena finally leaped from Zeus head and she was fully grown. She was also armed and made a cheesy shout of war.Ouranos heard Athena cry and was so trembled with fear. According to Plato, the Minoan culture of Crete was a source of the cult of Athena, from which saw the dawn of the Greek culture. It is also believed that, Hera, got so annoyed at the time. Apparently because Zeus produced a child by his own. She forced herself into conceiving and bearing herself a child. The child was known as Hephaestus. It is utter that Metis never bore any child after this incident. in that respectfore Zeus retained his supremacy in reigning in the mountain of Olympus. Greek myths became quiet at this point.The Pallas Athena story One of the major origin stories of Pallas Athena involves her opaque epithets. There is belief that there existed a severalize entity called Pallas who is invoked and it is not really defined whether he is Athenas brother, sister or opponent. They are engaged in a fight and finally Athena wins and takes the name for her. . Gustav Klimt and Pallas Athena Gustav Klimt was born in Vienna on July 14 1862. He was an Austrian symbolist painter. Klimts main subject was the female body He is a product of a time when great change was taking place.This great change was known as a self indulgent metropolis(Comini page 6). During this period people were listen what was known as Strausss operas. They were occasionally debating over sex made by Freud wherein startling postulations were. There existed a famous a ssociation during this time whose ism was known as to the age its art and to art its freedom. Klimpt belonged to this association. He had both talent and message. Klimt therefore decided that he was going to take eroticism to a step least expected by people of that period.As we can read from Comini page 8 we can clearly see that Gustav Klimt was a man who really wanted not anything les than personal freedom. He had a strong desire to denounce establishment. He once said. Enough of censorship.. I want to get freeout of all these unrefreshing absurdities that hinder my work, and get back to freedomI denounce everything. He is seen from his art work that he was a man who was highly provocative. His works are seen to be alluring. His works had different ascendents ranging from beauty themes to unyielding themes.He is seen as one of the most brilliant erotic workmans of all time. In his art works and especially the tender psyche we can see that he has expressed the inside contai ned fears and longings of man. His work portrays a business of several aspects of humanity e. g. combi demesne of beauty that is exceedingly imaginable and horrid ugliness at the aforementioned(prenominal) time dualism of love and fear insufferability of detestation and hopefulness of good. Klimt has utilise natural figures and natural backgrounds at the same time to manifest the interplay within the above aspects.He has richly apply sumptuous jewelry e. g. gold and startling color to give a beautiful touch to his works. Among his paintings are the ravishing paintings of beautiful women, sprawling figures in continual movement and demonstrations of demons of the unconscious mind. Gustav Klimt has applied the use of unmingled myth iconography as a derivative of ancientness in his many images of Athena. It is evident that Klimt took his eagerness from the sixteenth century water jar or the famous Attic-style hydria during those times. This work has an innovative aspect of ic onography.It is neither exalt by classical myth or tradition. Klimt is elysian by the spirit of creative conflict. I bequeath discuss this aspect using his 1898 painting known as Pallas Athena. Athena or sometimes called Pallas was a goddess of ancient Greeks. She was believed to be a war goddess. The Romans also referred to her as Minerva and placed her in the third position after Jupiter and Juno who were also their gods. The Greeks and Romans worshiped her as the goddess of craft in both weaving and spinning. According to mythology she was a favorite daughter of Zeus, the greatest of the gods in Greek.She was usually shown dressed in a helmet and in her hands a spear and shield. She also wore a goatskin breastplate that bore magic index fingers unspoiled like her father. The breastplate, fringed with several snakes, was believed to produce thunderbolts when shaken. She was also believed to be a representation of the civilized and intellectual aspects of war unlike the war go d Ares. The Greeks believed that Athens was heart-to-heart of protecting all the cities and states. According to this myth it is clear that Athena possesses a curious genderless power.It is why one is left field to wonder, is she male or is he male? Maybe her myth persona is just uncertain. To the normal people and maybe non-Greeks war and wisdom aptitude look like strange mindmates of Athena. But it is just fascinating how this persona works in her In his painting Gustav Klimt presents the image of Athena as a different persona since classical antiquity. She is outstanding among his other paintings of the famous femmes. It is unlike the other femme fatals e. g. Judith that was make in 1991 and Danae 1907-8 that expressed so much the overwhelmingness in their sexuality.Klimt was so much interested in the divinity in Athena than her sexuality. Maybe, to Klimt, divinity is the catalyst role those power plays in sexuality. This might be true since over the time it has been found tha t power is an ingredient to sexual stimuli in human behavior. It is also been found that sexual desire and the desire for power are strongly connected. This posses Athena, an asexual Greek goddess, as Klimts most stiff female art figure. He appears to have followed the myth iconography at a fairly unbending manner in the Pallas Athene 1989 painting.In his painting we see all the primary and secondary attri notwithstandinges. There is the helmet, an owl, aegis with gorgoneion and the spear. There is an aspect of originality in this painting because of the accomplishments he has done with these images. He has made many statements with the enigmatic nature of this painting. We can derive the subdivision of less romance and more(prenominal) symbolism in Klimts classicism. Klimts adoption method is seen to have evolved from whole figures and objects utilize by artists in the 18 through to the 19th centuries.In his subsidiary decoration Klimt has used a remarkable combi country of o bjects. He has successfully merged past and present into a angiotensin-converting enzyme synthesis. It seems ironic the way Klimt brings up the concept of archaicism in this painting. Previously in some of the art works, Athena bore almond eyes an archaic smile and wavy eyebrows. Klimt ensures that there is the philosophical aspect of an older icon bearing greater esteem than the present icon. He exercises deliberate archaism. He attempts to edit out back to the older heavier model possessed by the goddess who was highly and truly worshiped than later.Klimt gets a Homeric paradigm from previous representation of Athena in sister of Zeus of the Aegis and The grim goddess and adopts the iconography in them. It is also possible that Klimt deliberately chose a helmet that is of a contingent Corinthian period for Athena. This helmet seems as an extension of Athenas head where we see the parting of her chromatic hair following from the bronze. This division seems like it was alon e activated by mental prowess that is worshipful oriented. It is evident therefore from this art work that Klimt portrays Anthena as a personified source of power but not as a lover.We can see some aspects of dimensional in Klimts work. He has so much prioritized the importance of eyes and this can be seen as scale of sightedness. There is the aspect of fatality rate in the painting this can be seen in the left hand side of the painting where the human female is seen on a two dimensional black figure background. We can not see the goddesses eyes in this side of the painting. On the unspoiled hand side of the painting is Herakles and Triton-Achelous who are wrestling. They are presented on a two dimensional background. This is a representation of the goddess Athena, in a more effective position than the heroic Heracles.Athena is very powerful much(prenominal) that the monster Medusa and Gorgon, that could turn mortals into stones, is reduced to a bronze ornament on Athenas breas t. We can also see from the painting that Bobus the owl possesses clear eyes that are nocturnal and look like they belong to a human being. They seem like they have been given an animation power by the goddess. These eyes have a very powerful power of penetrating the darkness. And finally we can perceive that the eyes of the goddess are more powerful and full of flavour. This brings out the immortality and three dimensionality in her as a goddess.In his work, Pallas Athena seems to be more frightening. One is left to wonder, what is the dreadful figure is it the goddess or the monster? We can see that both faces have been filled with coppery hair. I can utter that this shows the aspect of full divinity in Athena as compared to the partial divinity in the monster. truly Athena is a portray of an epitome of apotropaism. She is not a simple goddess who we can oppose in mind or weapon. She is not a mere mask that is designed to chase away evil but she is seen as the real thing. She is seen by a viewer as a friend, a accomplice maybe.She possesses strong eyes that look so right with a mortal. She is a figure of strength and wisdom and one is obligated to worshiping her. some other major theme that can be derived from Klimts painting is the power of the goddess authority over politics and culture. It is seen from the bottom left corner of the painting that there stands a unclothed woman that has a mirror of modern man. In the right background is Hercules who looks like a wrestles Triton. Klimt presents Athena with unbridled red hair and a aureate helmet. She is emerging from a bluish shadow which is a femme fatele Klimt which Klimt was fond of painting.On his chest is a medusa head that extends its tongue in ridicule of the failures of succession of power. Another theme from the Pallas Athena painting is the theme of Struggle against ignorance. His iconography in this painting is not just an order but imposes the reality of punishment at the hands of sunken eyes and naked female fatales. Though in a deep but yet spaceless world, the victim of justice is seen consumed by a polyp that is womb like. There is an unmasking of rightfulness and a fair judgment as an instinctual requital and in words respectivelyThough mythological imagery was mostly implied by Klimt in his painting it is evident in Pallas Athena where we see the goddess possessing very powerful eyes which are also stiff. This stance in Athenas face is very compelling. There is juxtaposition of the Asiatic face and the classical Greek figure which is excellently presented. Mythological imagery was a frequent topic of Klimts oeuvre. I find the transparent eyes and stiff, powerful stance of his Athena to be quite compelling. I love the juxtaposition of the classical Greek figure in the background with the vaguely Asiatic face on her breastplate.Summary Gustav Klimt is highly apprehended as one of the greatest decorative painters of the twentieth century and an art Nouveau at the same time. He has a place in erotic art through his artistic themes of the female sexuality in the female figure. George Fliedel comments that there is no denying that erotic represented one of Klimts most important sources of inspiration. But in Pallas Athena is a totally different representation of the female fatele. His use of iconology is Klimts representation of Athena as the goddess of wisdom who is a representation of an embodiment of enlightened philosophy.This representation is designed to impart light to the Austrian nation which is politically and socially ravaged . The Austrian nation was so much in the spiritual and cultural darkness. It is no wonder Klimt decided that the ignorance of people would be subjected to confronting illness of Viennese society through a pictorial concept. He often presented simultaneous ideas that there was a possibility of escaping from the demoralized situation and a possibility of attaining an ideal existence within themselves. mop up Gustav Klimt was a highly renowned symbolist artist of the symbolism period.He used to major on the female figure as his central figure for art. He mostly painted and drew the female sexualism as his theme. But it is evident from his representation of the female figure Athena, a goddess of the Greek people, that he had nothing to do with erocism when he was doing this painting. He has implemented iconography to represent the different myths as perceived by the Greece. At the same time he is addressing the modern world and tries to tell people, through his painting, that we should embrace the present in as much as the past was there.Vast themes are ranging from powder-puff power and wisdom through to the general theme of ignorance and judgment. He remains among us though long dead through his works that gives us life teachings. If he were here today, maybe he would have done one of those themes, politics, which have always done the women proud. Maybe Hillary Clinton as Millennium Athena or what is your opinion? References 1. Mark P. O Marford, Robert J Lenardon, authorized mythology Oxford University Press, 2002. 2. Herbet Jennings Rose, A handbook of Greek Mythology Routledge, 1991. 3.Carlos parade, Genealogical take to the woods to Greek Mythology P A Stroms Forloag, 1993. 4. Lucilla Burn, Greek myths University of Texas press, 1990. 5. Gilles Neret, Gustav Klimt 1862-1918 Taschen, 2000. 6. Colin B, Bailey, Gustav Klimt modernism in the making Harry N Abrams Art, Modern, 2001. 7. Tatjana capital of Minnesota Gustav Klimt Rizzoli International publications, 2001. 8. Nina Kransel, Gustav Klimt Prestel Publishing Artists, 2007. 9. Gabriel James Worth, Pallas AtheneA book of Attic GreekUniiversity Press,1928 10. Karl Kerenyi,Athene sodding(a) and MotherA study of Pallas AtheneSpring Athena(Greek Deity)