The Cape Cod Style House in the New World

The Cape Cod style house is one of the most recognized and beloved architectural designs in America. When British colonists traveled to the New World, they brought a housing style so practical that it endured through the ages. The modern day Cape Cod houses you see in nearly every part of North America are modeled after the rugged architecture of colonial New England. The style is a simple one — some may call it primitive with a rectangular footprint and gable pitched roof.  You will rarely see a porch or decorative embellishments on a traditional Cape Cod home. These houses were designed for easy construction and efficient heating. Low ceilings and a central chimney kept rooms comfortable during cold winters in the northern colonies. The steep roof helped slough off the heavy snow. The rectangular design made additions and expansions an easy task for growing families. Fast Facts: Colonial Cape Characteristics Post and beam, rectangular footprintOne story with additional half story under roofSide gable roof, fairly steepCenter chimneyShingle or clapboard exterior sidingCenter front door, two double-hung windows on each sideLittle ornamentation History The first Cape Cod style homes were built by Puritan colonists who came to America in the late 17th century. They modeled their homes after the half-timbered houses of their English homeland, but adapted the style to the stormy New England weather. Over a few generations, a modest, one- to one-and-a-half-story house with wooden shutters emerged. Reverend Timothy Dwight, a president of Yale University in Connecticut, recognized these houses as he traveled throughout the Massachusetts coastline, where Cape Cod juts out into the Atlantic Ocean. In an 1800 book describing his travels, Dwight is credited with coining the term Cape Cod to describe this prolific class or type of colonial architecture. Traditional, colonial-era homes are easily identifiable — rectangular shape; moderately steep roof pitch with side gables and a narrow roof overhang; one story of living area with a half story of storage area below the roof. Originally they were all constructed of wood and sided in wide clapboard or shingles. The facade had a front door placed at the center or, in a few cases, at the side — multi-paned, double-hung windows with shutters symmetrically surrounded the front door. The exterior siding was originally left unpainted, but then white-with-black-shutters became the standard later on. Homes of the original Puritans had little exterior ornamentation. Cape Cods styles smaller than what is known as double Capes include the single Cape with a facade of two windows to the side of the front door, and the three-quarter Cape with a front door offset from the center chimney allowing only one window on the short side. The rectangular interior could be divided or not, with a large central chimney linked to a fireplace in each room. No doubt the first homes would have been one room, then two rooms — a master bedroom and a living area. Eventually there may have been a center hall in a floor plan of four rooms, with a kitchen addition in the back, separated for fire safety. Certainly a Cape Cod house had hardwood floors that replaced original dirt floors, and what interior trim there was would be painted white — for purity. 20th Century Adaptations Much later, in the late 1800s and early 1900s, a renewed interest in Americas past inspired a variety of Colonial Revival styles. Colonial Revival Cape Cod houses became especially popular during the 1930s and later. Developers and architects anticipated a building boom after World War II. Pattern books and catalogs flourished and publications held design competitions for practical, affordable dwellings to be bought by a burgeoning American middle class. The most successful marketeer  who promoted the Cape Cod style is considered to be the architect Royal Barry Wills, a  Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)-educated marine engineer.  Although Willss designs do indeed breathe sentiment, charm, and even sentimentality, their dominant characteristics are reticence, modesty of scale, and traditional proportions, writes art historian David Gebhard. Their small size and scale exuded puritanical simplicity on the outside and tightly organized spaces on the inside — a combination that Gebhard likens to the inner workings of a marine vessel. Wills won many competitions with his practical house plans. In 1938 a Midwestern family chose a Wills design for being more functional and affordable than a competing design by the famous Frank Lloyd Wright. Houses for Good Living in 1940 and Better Houses for Budgeteers in 1941 were two of Wills most popular pattern books written for all the dreaming men and women waiting for the end of World War II. With floor plans, sketches, and Dollar Savers from an Architects Handbook, Wills spoke to a generation of dreamers, knowing that the U.S. government was willing to back up that dream with GI Bill benefits. Inexpensive and mass-produced, these 1,000-square-foot houses filled a need for the rush of soldiers returning from the war. In New Yorks famous Levittown housing development, factories churned out as many as 30 four-bedroom Cape Cod houses in a single day. Cape Cod house plans were heavily marketed in the 1940s and 1950s. Twentieth century Cape Cod houses share many features with their colonial ancestors, but there are key differences. A modern-day Cape will usually have finished rooms on the second story, with large dormers to expand the living space. With the addition of central heating, the chimney of a 20th century Cape Cod is often more conveniently placed at the side of the house instead of the center. The shutters on modern Cape Cod houses are strictly decorative (they cant be closed during a storm), and the double-hung or casement windows are often single-paned, perhaps with faux grills. As 20th century industry produced more construction materials, exterior siding changed with the times — from traditional wood shingles to clapboard, board-and-batten, cement shingles, brick or stone, and aluminum or vinyl siding. The most modern of adaptations for the 20th century would be the garage facing front so the neighbors knew you owned an automobile. Additional rooms attached to the side or rear created a design that some people have called Minimal Traditional, a very sparse mashup of the Cape Cod and Ranch style houses. Cape Cod Bungalow Cottage Modern-day Cape Cod architecture often mingles with other styles. It is not unusual to find hybrid houses that combine Cape Cod features with Tudor cottage, Ranch styles, Arts and Crafts or Craftsman bungalow. A bungalow is a small home, but its use is often reserved for a more Arts and Crafts design.  A cottage is used more often to amplify the house style described here. The Dictionary of Architecture and Construction defines a Cape Cod cottage as a rectangular frame house with low one-story eaves, white clapboarded or shingle walls, gabled roof, large central chimney, and front door located on one of the long sides; a style frequently used for small houses in the New England colonies during the18th cent. The names we attach to our residential architecture is telling of the times. People who live in small Cape Cod styles homes will rarely use the word cottage to describe where they live. People of means, however, with enough money to have a summer home, might describe their second (or third) home as a cottage — as happened during the Gilded Age with the mansion-cottages of Newport, Rhode Island and elsewhere. Sources Baker, John Milnes. American House Styles: A Concise Guide. Norton, 2002capelinks.com. Cape Cod How Can You Recognize an Original Cape Cod Style House?  http://www.capelinks.com/cape-cod/main/entry/how-can-you-recognise-an-original-cape-cod-style-house/Gebhard, David. Royal Barry Wills and the American Colonial Revival. Winterthur Portfolio, Vol. 27,  No. 1 (Spring, 1992), The University of Chicago Press, p. 51Goldstein, Karin. The Enduring Cape Cod House. Pilgrim Hall Museum. http://www.pilgrimhall.org/pdf/Cape_Cod_House.pdf  Harris, Cyril M. ed. Dictionary of Architecture and Construction. McGraw-Hill, p. 85Library of Congress. Cape Cod Houses Recorded by the Historic American Buildings Survey. July 2003. http://www.loc.gov/rr/print/list/170_cape.htmlMcAlester, Virginia and Lee. A Field Guide to American Houses. Knopf, 1984, 2013Old House Online. Cape Cod Cottage History of Cape Cod Architecture. August 4, 2010. https://www.oldhouseonline.com/house-tours/original-cape-cod-co ttageWalker, Lester. American Shelter: An Illustrated Encyclopedia of the American Home. Overlook, 1998

Dbq on Slavery - 793 Words

Between 1775 and 1830, in many places African Americans gained their freedom from slavery and in others, the institution of slavery expanded. Eventually, slavery became abundant in places where it was most necessary and died out in the places where it was of little use. In response, most free African Americans and enslaved African Americans took action against their maltreatment by petitions and willingness to fight. The first trend of declining slavery was visible from the first declared emancipation of slaves by Lord Dunmore in November of 1775. By granting freedom to all slaves who would raise arms against the American rebels, Lord Dunmore hoped to bring more troops into his ranks in Virginia. This movement continued following the†¦show more content†¦In addition, however, slave labor was needed to do the backbreaking work in the hot Southern sun and thus became more valuable than ever before. The map shows that in 1790, slaves consist of less than 10 percent of the p opulation in most areas of the country, and as much as 50 percent in small sections on the Southern coast. However, by 1830 most of the Northern states were areas either without any slaves or less than 10 percent. In contrast, the majority of Southern states had a slave population between 10 and 50 percent. This slave-populous area extended along the Southern coasts as well as deep into Kentucky and Tennessee. The changes in slave density between 1790 and 1830 directly relate to areas were slave labor was an economic necessity. African Americans in separate situations often shared similar opinions concerning slavery and freedom. Although many blacks, both freed and enslaved, were willing to speak out against slavery and petition their rights, they did so in varying degrees. In one instance, a slave politely requested that his owner grant him the right to purchase his freedom. Another slave, Gabriel Prosser, took a more extreme approach to gaining his freedom. In fact, he led a rebellion against the white slaveholders in 1800. Even freed African Americans were maltreated. Both Prince Hall and Hosea Easton, Boston residents, protested the daily insults and abuse theyShow MoreRelatedSlavery Dbq835 Words   |  4 Pagesto settle, the issue of slavery was ever present. Nobody was quite sure of how to handle slavery. While some people fought to have slavery abolished, others completely opposed the idea of no longer having slaves. It was during this time period that many slaves managed to gain their freedom; however slavery as an institution continued to expand. Even though the many states passed laws outlawing the practice of slavery, the slave trade in the states that still allowed slavery grew immensely. 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I put these eight documents into two groups and those are for slavery and neutral attitude thought about slavery. These eight documents are all sorted by attitude and are going to be from the beginning of time to modern day. The first group is the thought that slavery was a good thing. The first document in this group is document number one. This document statesRead MoreAlison Brady. Period 5. December 4, 2012. Dbq #1. Slavery1637 Words   |  7 PagesAlison Brady Period 5 December 4, 2012 DBQ #1 Slavery was the main cause of the breakup of the Union and influenced other factors, such as territorial expansion, industrialization and economic tensions, and political alignments. Combined, all of these conflicts, with slavery at the root, led to the conflicts in the nation that started the Civil War. The issue of slavery caused conflict regarding new territories, economic stratification, and political turmoil. All of these tensions served to divideRead MoreFederal Government of the United States and Territorial Expansion1101 Words   |  5 Pages2010 DBQ: (Form A) 1. In what ways did ideas and values held by Puritans influence the political, economic, and social development of the New England colonies from 1630 through the 1660s? (Form B) 1. The issue of territorial expansion sparked considerable debate in the period 1800–1855. Analyze this debate and evaluate the influence of both supporters and opponents of territorial expansion in shaping federal government policy. 2009 DBQ: (Form A) From 1775 to 1830, many African AmericansRead MoreAp Exam Essays1660 Words   |  7 Pagesthrough the 1660s? 2. Analyze the political, diplomatic, and military reasons for the United States victory in the Revolutionary War. Confine your answer to the period 1775–1783. 3. Analyze the ways in which controversy over the extension of slavery into western territories contributed to the coming of the Civil War. 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Inclusionary Practices In The Science Classroom Education Essay Free Essays

Inclusionary patterns are those which involve pupils with or without disablements. Students who are physically or mentally impaired are given more attending, but they are taught in the same environment as that of the normal pupils. In order to manage such a group of pupils, teamwork is compulsory. We will write a custom essay sample on Inclusionary Practices In The Science Classroom Education Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now A squad of decision makers, regular schoolroom instructors, physical instructors, particular instructors, physical and occupational healers, etc is required ( Meieran, – ) . There are two sorts of inclusion. Regular inclusion- is one where the particular pupils go in the schoolroom of general pupils. There they are given extra aid and particular direction in the schoolroom. Full inclusion is one where there is no segregation between general and particular pupils, and they work together ( Hub Pages ) . Experiences Richard Lange, is a talented expert, and he talks about his experience and about the international talented plans. He talks about his visit to Taipei, Taiwan, where he saw that these pupils had to take extended strict arrangement trials in order to acquire them admitted in these schools. These schools have big focal point on scientific discipline and research lab experiments at an early age. Cultivation of Inclusive Practices in Schools When inclusive patterns are cultivated in schools, the school faculty members must do certain that the instructors they hire have a focal point on handicapped pupils beyond that they have on normal pupils. The manner instructions are given is an of import factor, as it can function as solid foundation for inclusive schoolroom ( Dukes A ; Dukes ) However, there are a batch of challenges that comes across in inclusive schoolrooms. The instructor has to be more inclusive and identify challenges by supplying practical activities, thoughts and attacks ( Inclusive Science ) . One obstruction which everyone comes across is the common attitude of instructors. It has been observed that the attitude of general pupil instructors is different towards the handicapped pupils. Their thought of inclusion and acceptableness differs in regard to the two types. This finally leads to a creative activity of ‘yours non mine ‘ kind of an hostile environment between both the pupils and the staff. A 2nd obstruction is that most of the clip the leaders are unable to acknowledge the demands of the inclusive schoolrooms, and hence, due to this deficiency of support from the staff and decision makers, success is improbable ( Green ) . Importance of Science Science has been considered as the most valuable topic to be taught to the handicapped pupils. Largely general pupil instructors have developing refering to learning pupils with disablements. Particular pupil instructors have had preparation in learning the scientific discipline topics. After the jurisprudence which stated that every kid has a right to achieve instruction was passed, budgets were allocated for the support of instruction of these particular childs. But a job came along with this credence. The scientific discipline instructors were non efficient plenty to convey the cognition to particular pupils, as they were small trained to cover with handicapped pupils, and in general, particular pedagogues had small or no exposure to scientific discipline. Therefore the cognition which the pupils receive is largely that from the text books. And nil beyond the text edition cognition could be explained to the particular pupils. It was observed that the instruction towards scientific discipline was non taken that earnestly. Patton, Polloway and Cranon in a study of particular instruction instructors found that 42 % of particular instruction instructors received no preparation in scientific discipline, 38 % of ego contained kids in particular instruction categories did non have any scientific discipline preparation. In the study further it was found that particular pedagogues spent merely 60 proceedingss in one hebdomad to scientific discipline, and 90 % of the instructors were dependent on the cognition which was available in the text edition. Therefore this shows that there was no existent practical deduction. Another flooring observation revealed that pupils with mild disablements on an norm of 200 proceedingss of text edition cognition received 1 minute of scientific discipline direction ( Norman, Casseu, A ; Stefanich, 1995 ) . Science has become a general focal point for primary instruction. It is non necessary that scientific discipline is merely available to those who already have an chance and those who have received encouragement to prosecute it. It is besides made available to adult females and misss, all racial and cultural groups, physically and educationally challenged, etc. However pupils with disablements who are prosecuting their callings in scientific discipline frequently face a figure of barriers. These barriers include historical, attitudinal, institutional, physical, and curricular barriers. A undertaking by the name of Creating Laboratory Access for Science Students ( CLASS ) has been initiated in order to fix pedagogues for inclusive schoolrooms. They even teach them the methods of extinguishing the barriers ( Kirch, Bargerhuff, Turner, A ; Wheatly ) . The whole construct behind Class inclusions came into being after the authorization ‘No kid left behind ‘ was passed. This authorization talked about kids equality retrospect to education. Out of the seven attacks, Friend and Cooke talked about five of them. Co instruction is coaction between the general instructors and the particular instructors. Increase in instructional options should be one of the ends of the instructors. Apart from this, the engagement and public presentation of these pupils should be enhanced. There are a figure of ways of carbon monoxide instruction. In the first attack the instructor will be responsible for learning while the other circulated throughout the room supplying support. In the 2nd attack, the instructor divides the pupils and content into groups, and so they split the clip every bit between each group. Parallel instruction is the 3rd attack. In this attack the category is divided, and so the instructor teaches each group the same conten t. The 4th attack is known as the alternate attack. In this type the category is divided into two groups. One big and one little, and each teacher instruct one of the groups. The smaller group is normally the one which requires most of the attending. Elementary instructors had a more positive attitude towards co learning instead than secondary instructors. Co instruction is fundamentally a partnership between two instructors, one particular instruction and one regular instruction. Elementary instructors would most likely to pass half a twenty-four hours or so with the particular instructors. Whereas, the secondary instructors would prefer to pass a period or two merely. Classroom direction is an of import issue. If the instructors plan their course of study and learning techniques in a advanced, so they would ne’er hold an issue pull offing a category. Plus the pupils will acquire to larn more from the instructors. Advantages/Disadvantages of Co Teaching There are a figure of advantages and disadvantages of carbon monoxide instruction. Students in carbon monoxide instruction categories get the attending of two instructors at the same clip. In this manner the pupils could easy be handled, in add-on to this the pupils get to larn more and they can pull more attending. Another advantage for the handicapped pupils is that they no longer are labeled as analyzing in handicapped schools, since they are analyzing with the normal pupils. However particular instructors showed concerns about the big sized schoolrooms. They believed that frequently instructors do n’t acquire sufficient clip to function for handicapped pupils because of the figure of pupils in one category. Therefore they were non in favour of big category suites, alternatively they preferred smaller 1s ( Joe, Dowdy, A ; Nichols ) . Qualitative Research There was a qualitative research carried out of two handicapped. Melinda and Philips were both in the same category, and at the ages of 15 ( Melinda ) and 16 ( Philips ) they were diagnosed with cognitive disablements. When the two of them turned 35, co by the way they met and it was found that they were having support through the Medicaid Waiver. The two of them were asked to take part in a research that was taking topographic point. The research was about the participant ‘s educational and personal experiences at that clip, the participant ‘s lives instantly after go forthing the schools, and the participant ‘s current lives. During twelvemonth one of the survey, when the participants were of 15 and 16 old ages of age, the two of them were placed in ego contained particular instruction category. Melinda ‘s records shows that after the first twelvemonth, she was included in the general instruction categories. Prince philips on the other manus was observed to stay in self-contained particular instruction categories for the remaining of his educational calling which was at the age of 22. Over the clip interviews were conducted with the participant ‘s parents and themselves in order to find any alterations in the personal differences and public presentation degrees. The surveies fundamentally shows that during twelvemonth one, Melinda was regressing academically and she showed marks of being riotous in unintegrated schoolrooms. Prince philips on the other manus was non being riotous in unintegrated schoolrooms, he was demoing marks of adulthood and he seemed to take part volitionally in activities that require functional faculty members. After go outing school Melinda was seen to make better in high schools, she prefers working independently, and her marks of growing were increasing. Prince philips on the other manus is seen to lose ego assurance. He was regressing academically, and was loath to interact with others. He had a fright of doing errors and non making things absolutely. When the research workers met Melinda 4 old ages after maturity, when she was populating, they found out that she lived entirely in her flat, had an extended natural support web, and used get bying schemes to help with processing troubles. Whereas in instance of Phili ps, he lived in his parents ‘ house, had lost several occupations and was presently working at a sheltered workshop for items, and had many troubles in the community. After 8 old ages of life as an grownup, it was observed that Melinda got married for an twelvemonth. She was married to Philip, and the two of them shared an flat. She had expanded her natural support web and was self assured of everything she did. Philips on the other manus had a portion clip occupation in the community, he approached advocators when in troubles, and he requires frequent confidences because he is dying with people around. Therefore the findings show that particular instruction in inclusive general instruction scenes may take to better results for pupils with disablements ( Ryndak, Ward, A ; Alper, 2010 ) . Decision I personally am in a complete favour of inclusive instruction. In this manner the disabled would ne’er experience that he/she is low in capableness so normal pupil. We all are equal and hence shall be treated every bit. The authorization which was taken out by the US which is â€Å" No Child Left Behind † , should besides be implemented in Pakistan, it gives an chance to both the instructor and the pupils. In add-on, kids analyzing in such an environment learn to be patient. How to cite Inclusionary Practices In The Science Classroom Education Essay, Essay examples

Pathophysiology and Epidemiology of Asthma

Question: Explain the disorder you selected, including its pathophysiology and epidemiology. Explain a protocol for the diagnosis, management, and follow-up care of this disorder. Explain how culture might impact the care of patients who present with the disorder you selected. ? Answer: Asthma is considered as the most common chronic provocative disease of the airways, which is associated with variable and a recurring number of symptoms. Some of the typical symptoms of the disease include coughing, chest tightness, wheezing, difficulty in breathing and coughing. Thus, asthma is characterized by a variable number of symptoms, which primarily includes airflow obstruction and bronchospasm (Alexander et al., 2012). Asthma is also considered as the most common chronic disorder of childhood, which affects 12.5% of children. Asthma is primarily caused by a amalgamation of environmental and genetic factors. The chronic inflammation of the conducting zone of the airways (bronchi and the bronchioles) results in the onset of the disease, which is associated with an increase in the contractibility of the surrounding smooth muscles disease (Melen Pershagen, 2012). Thus, this leads to bouts of narrowing of the airway and the symptom of wheezing. With the onset of asthma, the cha racteristic changes in the airways include coagulating of the lamina reticular and increase in the size of the eosinophils. There is an also an increase in the size of the mucous gland due to an increase in the size of the smooth muscle. Almost 330,000,000 people worldwide remain affected by asthma and approximately more than three hundred thousand people die per year from the onset of the disease (Alexander et al., 2012). It has been estimated from a report that the incidence rate of the disease is between 2.65 to 4/1000 per year (Melen Pershagen, 2012). In childhood, the onset of the disease is very much frequent among offspring less than five years of age and is more prevalent in boys than in the girls. Diagnosis and Management Asthma is primarily diagnosed with a therapeutic assessment and medical tests that helps in computing the airflow in and out of the lungs. Offspring associated with the disease may not be able to complete the airflow test, which requires blowing very hard into the tube. Also, since the children are not able to describe how they feel, caregivers and family members needs to take measures to remain alert for the symptoms. The diagnosis process also includes skin and blood test of the children in order to examine whether there is any presence of specific allergies that can trigger any asthmatic symptoms (Redwood Neill, 2013). Health care providers need to have a detailed family history of the children suffering from asthma or any allergies such as the hay fever hives etc. Depending upon the severity and frequency of the disease, treatment needs to be provided. Whether mild or severe, any asthma symptom is a matter of concern and thereby needs to be accurately controlled and diagnosed (Kennedy et al., 2012) Children suffering from asthma are thereby advised to use an inhaler in order to provide quick relief from the first sight of the symptoms. The use of inhaler helps in delivering the medication into the lungs for providing immediate relief. In case, if the drugs suggested by the doctor is not helping the child to avoid the asthma triggers, effective methods need to be implemented in order to determine whether the symptoms associated triggered due to exposure to any particular allergen such as pet dander or pollen. If positive outcomes are observed, then the care provider for providing relief to the chil d recommends suitable immunotherapy (Gupta et al., 2012). Impact of Culture Cultural factors such as the language boundaries and the parental beliefs are considered as the primary barrier to the asthma care. Patients with a language hurdle thereby have less access to the usual font of the medical care (Alexander et al., 2012). Thus, the patients do not receive preventive care at lower rates and thereby develops an increased risk of non-adherence to medication. By the childs asthma care, patients brawny beliefs beside the use of medication along with the preferences for the holistic approaches to treatment may serve to stand as an obstacle for providing the successful treatment. Individuals faiths, beliefs, language and home remedies may pose a potential threat to the successful implementation of evidence-based care plan (Coutinho et al., 2013). Thus, cultural knowledge is the process by which education regarding various cultures can be obtained. One of the best methods used to gain knowledge regarding the cultural beliefs of the patient forms the patients th emselves. Cultural skill also helps in obtaining appropriate cultural information regarding the patients clinical history and current problem. Seeking to gain knowledge regarding the culture influences helps in obtaining information concerning the lifelong process that is primarily based on the knowledge of one culture (Coutinho et al., 2013). The outcome of the patients health practices and beliefs including religion preferences, medicinal use of foods, communication needs and other alternative medication use helps the asthma care provider to create a trusting environment, which favors open communication (Gupta et al., 2012). References Alexander, A. G., Barnes, P. J., Chung, K. F., Flower, R. J., Garland, L. G., Goldie, R. G., ... Lulich, K. M. (2012).Pharmacology of asthma(Vol. 98). Springer Science Business Media. Coutinho, M. T., McQuaid, E. L., Koinis-Mitchell, D. (2013). Contextual and cultural risks and their association with family asthma management in urban children.Journal of Child Health Care, 1367493512456109. Gupta, A., Bush, A., Hawrylowicz, C., Saglani, S. (2012). Vitamin D and asthma in children.Paediatric respiratory reviews,13(4), 236-243. Kennedy, J. L., Heymann, P. W., Plattsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Mills, T. A. (2012). The role of allergy in severe asthma.Clinical Experimental Allergy,42(5), 659-669. Meln, E., Pershagen, G. (2012). Pathophysiology of asthma: lessons from genetic research with particular focus on severe asthma.Journal of internal medicine,272(2), 108-120. Redwood, T., Neill, S. (2013). Diagnosis and treatment of asthma in children.Practice Nursing,24(5), 222-229.